Cottager and Smallholder i) 
opening at the bottom, while in all other cases the cells open 
sideways. 
Queen cells are made very stout, and consist of wax with 
a liberal mixture of pollen. They also have upon them « 
number of depressions or indentations, which, by forming 
ribs, make the cell stronger, and the cavities allow of porosity. 
Transition cells are those between, when drone cells are 
being merged into worker, or vice versa, they are irregular in 
shape, and are used only for the storage of food. Attach- 
ment cells are those by means of which the bees connect the 
combs to the material upon which they are being built; they 
are stored with food only. 
To produce the worker a fertilised egg is laid in a worker 
cell; it is incubated for three days, the temperature required 
being 98 deg. Fahr., then from it hatches a little grub 
which is fed on pap or digested food for three days. The 
grub floats in this food, and absorbs it through the skin, as 
well as the mouth, therefore it grows very rapidly. At the 
end of three days the grub is weaned, i.e., the food given 
consists of honey and partly digested pollen instead of the 
pap. Jt is fed until it is nine days old, when it is sealed 
over with a porous capping made of pollen and wax. The 
creature then passes through all the stages incidental to 
insect life, t.e., it spins a cocoon, rests, becomes a nymph, 
and eventually an imago or perfect bee, the time occupied 
being twenty-one days. On the twenty-second day the 
worker eats its way from the cell, and in the course of a 
few hours commences to work, acting for the first fourteen 
days—during which period it does not leave the hive—as 
nurse to the grubs, queen, and drones, making the pap upon 
which they are fed. At the end of a fortnight it becomes a 
foraging bee, working in the fields. 
Queens are produced, like the worker, from fertilised eggs. 
A queen cell is built in which the queen lays an egg, 
or one is carried and placed in it by the workers, or they 
enlarge the base of a worker cell already containing an egg. 
This is incubated in the same manner, and for the same 
period as that which produces a worker. The grub is fed on 
the same kind of food, but with the difference that no weaning 
takes place. It is sealed over on the ninth day, and goes 
through identically the same changes as the worker, except 
that the time occupied is shorter, being about seventeen 
days. Being reared in a larger cell, and the grub having 
the rich food given throughout its existence, a female fully 
developed in all her organs is produced, capable of mating 
and reproducing either sex. 
