Cottager and Smaliholder 27 
For this purpose one of two subjugators is used, a smoker, 
Fig. 39, which is a tin cylinder having a conical nozzle 
open at the pointed end, and fastened to a pair of bellows with 
a connection at the back. Brown paper, rag, or fustian is 
rolled into a cartridge, lighted, and placed in the smoker 
barrel with the lighted end down; then by working the bellows 
a volume of smoke issues from the nozzle, which can be driven 
in any direction. Or a carbolic cloth may be used; this is made 
by sprinkling a piece of calico the size of the top of the brood 
chamber with a solution of one part Calvert’s No. 5 carbolic 
acid in two parts of water. It should be rolled up, and 
when not in use, stored in an air-tight tin to retain its 
strength. The smell of smoke driven into the hive, or the 
fumes from the carbolic cloth laid over the top of the frames 
after removing the quilt, gives the desired effect. 
When manipulating, a bee veil, Fig. 40, should always be 
worn, but gloves should not be used, as they tend to make 
the operator clumsy. The bees should be properly subdued 
before commencing operations. If they get restless before the 
work in hand is finished a little more smoke should be given, 
or the carbolic cloth applied again. ; 
Never stand in front of the hive to manipulate, or the 
bees will be hindered im their work, become angry 
and sting. When handling or turning the combs, keep them 
on edge by four movements, shown in Fig. 41. If held flat 
in warm weather the comb may break down. Bright warm 
weather should be chosen for opening hives, as then the bees are 
in a good temper. If opened when cold or wet weather 
prevails the brood will be chilled and the bees made vicious. 
