OUTFIT FOR EXTRACTED-HONEY PRODUCTION.—Chapter III, 
tion of Langstroth) is vastly more convenient in caring for the colony and 
in removing the surplus honey. 
Omitting a whole volume of discussion that might be given concerning 
hives in general and in particular, we will say that the best hive for the be- 
ginner to start with today is the standard-sized, double-walled, movable- 
frame hive, consisting of a double-walled box, packed between the walls 
with chaff or planer shavings, this box with or without packed bot- 
tom, and large enough to hold 10 movable frames of “Langstroth” dimen- 
sion, namely, 94x 175% inches, which size has come to be standard. The 
“Hoffman” frame, now almost universally used, is simply the Langstroth 
frame with a self-spacing device. (The single-walled hive, if the beginner 
some day becomes an experienced beekeeper, may better serve his purposes 
than the double-walled hive, but in beginning he will find beekeeping in 
double-walled hives easier and safer.) By looking at the accompanying 
illustrations of a hive for producing extracted honey, with its full equip- 
ment, it will be noted that the double-walled hive-body with its ten frames 
constitutes the hive proper or the brood-chamber. In this part of the hive 
the queen is ordinarily kept and the brood is reared. 
Necessary Equipment for the Hive. 
Beneath the brood-chamber is the floor (often called the bottom-board) 
with its movable entrance-contracting cleat at the front by means of which 
a wide or narrow entrance can be made as the season or needs of the hive 
demand. One side of the floor provides for a %-inch entrance, and the 
other side a 34-inch entrance. The 7-inch entrance is preferred the year 
round by most beekeepers; but this large entrance is opened its full size 
only during warm weather, being contracted at other times according to the 
needs of the colony. Underneath the floor is the hive-stand with its sloping 
alighting-board reaching from the ground up to the entrance. (Above the 
brood-chamber, and between it and the super is placed the queen-excluder 
when in use, which is-a framework with wires spaced 163/1000—almost 
1/6—of an inch apart. The worker bees.can pass between the wires read- 
ily; but the queen on account of her larger size, can not.) Above the 
brood-chamber (or above 
the queen-excluder if in 
use) is the super, or upper 
story. This is called a 
“super” because it is above 
the hive proper, and it 
serves to receive the super- 
abundance of honey, which 
is the honey surplus gath- 
ered by the bees above 
their own needs as food. 
The super is not used for’ 
brood-rearing, except when 
temporarily ‘used to give 
additional brood-rearin &  Wood-and-wire queen-excluder. which is placed be- 
: : d tween the brood-chamber and the super to keep the 
space in the spring and to queen from going above, 
12 
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