OUTFIT FOR EXTRACTED-HONEY PRODUCTION.—Chapter III. 
prevent swarming (which will 
be explained later). When the 
super is used for brood-rear- 
ing it is called a second brood- 
chamber. Several supers, one 
above the other, may be plac- 
ed above one brood-chamber, 
as the amount of the honey 
being gathered may demand. 
In both the extracting-su- 
pers and the brood-chamber 
are frames which hang close- 
ly side by side, suspended at 
the ends of the hive from metal 
a | supports which are fastened 
Hoffman self-spaced frames, full depth, : lee 9% in rabbets cut in the upper 
by ae iichee, reewanly ae 2 the brood- edges of the hive ends. Inside 
: these frames are sheets of 
foundation. These are sheets of beeswax which have been embossed to 
imitate the septum in the middle of naturally built honeycomb. The bees 
build the foundation out into comb. These frames of comb may be moved 
about or lifted out freely, either to examine the bees-or to remove the surplus 
honey. This movability of the combs is the main difference between the old 
box hive or skep and the modern hive. Extracted-honey supers are either 
deep or shallow. The deep extracting-supers contain extracting-frames of 
the same dimensions and construction as the brood-frames in the brood- 
chamber below. But the shallow extracting-super and its frames are shallow- 
er than the brood-chamber and the brood-frames, in some cases being the 
same depth as the comb-honey supers. The shallow super has the advantage 
of lightness in handling, which is an important consideration for women 
beekeepers. It also provides a way to prevent the bees from mixing dif- 
ferent kinds of honey, as buckwheat and basswood, or orange and sage. 
For at the close of one honey flow a deep super might be half filled, mostly 
with unsealed honey, which, not being sufficiently ripened for extracting, 
must be left on the hive and so mixed with the honey of the next honey 
flow of a different kind. Whereas, if a shallow extracting-super had been 
used, it would have been filled and sufficiently sealed to be taken off, and 
the new honey flow would not be mixed with a previous honey flow. The be- 
ginner will understand that one kind of honey may be of much better 
quality and bring a high- 
er price than another, 
and so the mixing of a 
high-quality honey with 
an inferior kind is to be 
avoided if possible. Al- 
though the shallow super 
has many advantages, it 
is, however, true that the 
ike 
ma j ori ty prefer full- -at the left are a shallow and a deep extracting-super. 
The deep super (the lower one) is the same size as 
depth supers of the same the single-walled btood-chamber at the right. 
13 
