OUTFIT FOR EXTRACTED-HONEY PRODUCTION.—Chapter ITI. 
size as the brood-chamber 
below so that they may 
easily interchange the 
combs of the supers and 
those of the brood-cham- 
ber as desired. 
Above the uppermost 
super is a cleated board, 
called an inner cover; 
and, over all, a telescop- 
ing metal cover. 
When the beekeeper de- 
sires to remove full su- 
pers of honey a board 
(called a bee-escape 
board) is slipped be- 
tween the supers and the 
brood-chamber below. In 
the center of the board 
is a trap called a Porter f ae 
A single-walled brood-chamber on which is a shal- 
bee-escape. The bees low extracting-super, with the beekeeper about to 
ean then pass down from place a deep super above the shallow super. 
the supers into the cham- 
ber below, but can not get back again. By using this bee-escape, in twelve 
to twenty-four hours the full supers of honey can be removed with scarcely 
a bee in them, and actually without the knowledge of the bees in the brood- 
chamber below. This escape-board, without the Porter bee-escape and with 
the hole closed, is generally used as an inner cover. 
In addition to this equipment for the summer season, one will need a 
chaff tray for each hive to give extra warmth during the winter. Such a 
tray, filled with chaff or dry leaves, fits directly under the telescoping 
cover. (See “Wintering,” page 103.) 
The double-walled hive is recommended to the beginner because in 
temperate regions it is both warmer in winter and cooler in summer, and 
requires less trouble in preparing for winter. But single-walled hives are 
in very general use in both the warm South and the cold North. These 
- are identical and interchange- 
able with the full-depth su- 
pers. (In fact, the single- 
walled hive-body may be used 
either as a brood-chamber or 
a super.) They differ from 
the double-walled hives in that 
the hive-body has a single 
wall. These single-walled 
hives will ordinarily enable 
the bees to withstand the win- 
ter chill of the South if given 
a little top packing (some 
Shallow self-spaced extracting-frame for : 
use in shallow super. Southerners prefer side pack- 
14 
