140 APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES. 



Daniell says he has seen a difference of 30°, on the 

 same night between two thermometers, placed, the 

 one in a valley, and the other on a gentle eminence, 

 in favour of the latter. Hence, he justly observes, 

 the advantages of placing a garden upon a gentle 

 slope must be apparent ; "a running stream at its foot 

 would secure the further benefit of a contiguous sur- 

 face not liable to refrigeration, and would prevent any 

 injurious stagnation of the air." 



In addition to this, it has been said that, to obtain 

 the most favourable conditions of climate in this 

 country, a garden should have a south-eastern expo- 

 sure. This, however, has been recommended, I 

 think, without full consideration. It is true that in 

 such an exposure the early sunbeams will be re- 

 ceived ; but, on the other hand, vegetation there 

 would be exposed to several unfavourable actions. 

 There would be little protection from easterly 

 winds, which, whether south-east or north-east, are 

 the coldest and driest that blow ; in the next place 

 an exposure to the first sun of the morning, is very 

 prejudicial to garden productions that have been 

 frozen by the radiation of the night ; it produces 



frosts ; while beyond that limit vegetation is blackened by them. 

 In autumn the warm vapour which rises on a cold night from so 

 large a surface probably protects the adjacent shores : and even 

 when moderate frosts actually occur, the morning fog, which lasts 

 an hour or two, by softening the sun's rays and causing a gradual 

 thaw, often prevents any injurious result to vegetation. Some of 

 our large inland lakes, the surfaces of which are never frozen, have 

 a decided effect upon the local climate, rendering it much more mild 

 thau it otherwise would be. — ^A. J. D.] 



