OF TRAINING. 261 



I intended to retain, were taken off closely with the 

 saw and chisel. Into these branches, at their sub- 

 divisions, grafts were inserted at different distances 

 from the root, and some so near the extremities of the 

 branches, that the tree extended as widely in the au- 

 tumn after it was grafted, as it did in the preceding 

 year. The grafts were also so disposed, that every 

 part of* the space the tree previously covered was 

 equally well supplied with young wood. 



" As soon, in the succeeding summer, as the young 

 shoots had attained sufficient length, they were train- 

 ed almost perpendicularly downwards, between the 

 larger branches and the wall, to which they were 

 nailed. The most perpendicular remaining branch 

 upon each side was grafted about four feet below the 

 top of the wall, which is twelve feet high ; and the 

 young shoots, which the grafts upon these afforded, 

 were trained inwards, and bent down to occupy the 

 space from which the old central branches had been 

 taken away ; and therefore very little vacant space 

 remained; any where in the end of the first autumn. 

 A few blossoms, but not any fruit, were produced by 

 several of the grafts in the succeeding spring ; but in 

 the following year, and subsequently, I have had 

 abundant crops, equally dispersed over every part of 

 the tree ; and I have scarcely ever seen such an ex- 

 uberance of blossom as this tree presents in the pre- 

 sent spring." {Hort. Trans., ii. 78.) 



The practice was then followed by Sir Joseph 

 Banks, whose fruit trees, trained downwards over the 

 walls of his garden at Spring Grove, and facing the 



