38 ' XIV. TILIACE^. [Grewia. 



serrate, 3 or 5 nerves proceeding from the base, scabrous-tomentose on both, 

 sides, the stellate hairs closer together beneath ; stipules subulate, early 

 deciduous. Inflorescence umbellate. Peduncle generally one, inserted 

 more or less opposite the petiole ; pedicels 3 to 7 or more, with linear bracts 

 at their base, about | in. long when in flower ; peduncles ^-l in. long. 

 JFlowers large, yellowish. Sepals linear, about f in. long or longer, out- 

 side densely tomentose, with a prominent midrib between 2 deep furrows, 

 giving the appearance of 3 nerves, inside reddish, smooth, with 3 to 7 

 parallel nerves. Petals linear, shorter than sepals, yellowish red. Drupe 

 consistiag of from 1 to 4 more or less distinct lobes, each the size of 

 a small pea, fleshy, first olive-green, then wrinkled blacK, with scattered 

 stellate hairs, glabrous when ripe. 



Common ; wild in the North - West Himalaya, from the Indus to Nepal, 

 ascending to 6000 feet. Occasionally in the Salt range and other hills in the 

 Panjab ; also in the Suliman range, trans - Indus. Frequently planted near 

 villages and houses in the hills. Leaves shed in March ; the new foliage issues 

 in April or early in May ; fl. March-June, chiefly in May ; fruit ripens Oct. -Dec. 



A moderate-sized tree, 40 ft. high, with a straight short trunk, attaining 3 

 to 4 ft. in girth. Branches spreading, branchlets somewhat bifarious. Bark 

 of trunk and larger branches | inch thick, ash-coloured, smooth, longitudinally 

 rugose. Wood white, light, very tough, used where strength and elasticity are 

 required, for oar-shafts, handles, shoulder-sticks for loads, bows {goleil) used 

 to propel a ball as missile. The chief use of the tree is to furnish fodder for 

 goats and sheep during winter ; for this purpose the tree is lopped annually, 

 the twigs and leaves are dried and stored between its branches. The inner bark 

 is steeped in water 10 to 15 days, then beaten and made into cordage, used for 

 sandals, boat and cattle ropes ; but is not durable. Paper has also been made 

 of it. The fruit is eaten. 



2. G. populifolia, Vahl ; W. & A. Prodr. 80 ; Boissier Fl. Orient, i. 843 ; 

 Oliver Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 246.— Syn. G. hetulmfolia, Eoth. Vern. Ganger, 

 Ph. ; Gungo, Sindh; Gangerun, Eajputana. 



Branchlets rough with short stellate hairs. Leaves variable in form, 

 generally broad-ovate, short-acuminate, more rarely obovate and obtuse 

 or cuneate, sharp-dentate or irregularly serrate, and frequently thickened 

 at the edges, greyish green on both sides, rough with short stellate 

 hairs, with 3, rarely 5, nerves from base ; petioles ^-^ in. long . Stipules 

 subulate, early deciduous. Peduncles generally solitaiy, opposite to the 

 leaves, 1 -flowered or 2-3-flowered. Flowers large, white ; sepals |-f in. 

 long ; petals shorter, the linea;r blade attached to the back of a ciliated 

 scale (the claw), which fits round the angular torus. Drupe 2-lobed, 

 shining, smooth, orange red when ripe; the lobes distinct, the size of 

 small peas, each with a 2-ceIled stone. 



Common on low hills trans-Indus, in the Salt range to 3000 ft., and in the 

 more arid tracts of the Panjab as far as Delhi. Sindh, Afghanistan, Aden, N.W. 

 Himalaya, ascending to 2000 ft. Dry hills of Rajputana. Peninsula. Tropical 

 Africa, Egypt, Persia. A smaU shrub, with slender branches ; the fruit, with 

 a scanty but pleasant pulp, is eaten in Sindh. Fl. in the cold season. The 

 .wood makes good walking-sticks. 



