50 ■ XVII. KUTACE./E. {Olycosmis. 



Common in Soutli India, Ceylon, Burma, Bengal. Oudh forests, forming thick 

 undergrowth in parts. The ripe fruit is eaten. Fl. spring, autumn, and nearly 

 "throughout the year. 



6. SKIMMIA, Thunberg. 



1. S. Laureola, Zuccarini. — Syn. Limonia Laureola, Wall. PI. As. 

 rar. t. 245 ; AnquetiUa Laureola, Jacquem. Voy. Bot. t. 161. Vera. Ner, 

 barm, Pb. Nehar, gurl pata, Kamaon. 



A small, wholly glabrous, shrub ; leaves alternate, lanceolate or oblan- 

 ceolate, coriaceous, entire, often approximate near the ends of branches, 

 midrib prominent, without conspicuous secondary nerves. Flowers white, 

 in erect, compact, terminal panicles. Drupes subglobose, J in. across. 



Himalaya, Indus to Bhutan, alt. 5000-11,000 ft. Afghanistan. Fl. April, 

 May. Fruit Oct. The leaves have an orange-like smell when crushed. 



7. CITRUS, Linn. 

 Evergreen shrubs or trees, armed with axillary thorns ; wood close- and 

 even-grained. Leaves alternate, simple (unifoliolate), glandular-dotted, 

 coriaceous; petiole often winged. Flowers white, or tinged with red, 

 sweet-scented. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-5 cleft. Petals 4-5, rarely more, 

 thick, with glandular dots, imbricate in bud. Stamens 20-60; filaments 

 fiat, more or less connate in bundles ; anthers oblong. Ovary many-celled, 

 on a large annular or cup-shaped disc; style terete, deciduous, with a capi- 

 tate, lobed stigma; ovules axUe, biseriate, 4-8 in each cell. Fruit globose 

 or oblong, succulent, indehiscent, divided into 9-15 cells by membranous 

 dissepiments, the cells with numerous transverse vesicles, filled with 

 sweet or more or less acid juice ; the rind full of vesicles or glands, filled 

 with aromatic essential oU. Seeds few in each cell ; testa leathery; albu- 

 men none ; embryo straight, with a short radicle, and thick, fleshy, 

 oily cotyledons. Often 2 or 3 embryos in one seed. 



Young shoots and leaves perfectly glabrous ; transverse vesicles 

 of pulp concrete. 

 Young shoots purple ; petals generally tinged with red ; 



flowers often unisexual ; stamens 20-40 ; fruit globose, ^ 



ovoid or oblong, often terminated by a knob . . . 1. C medica. 

 Young shoots whitish ; petals white ; flowers bisexual ; stamens 



20-30 ; fruit globose or flattened ; pulp sweet, acid, or bitter 2. C. A urmdium. 

 Young shoots and under side of leaves pubescent; transverse 



vesicles of pulp distinct 3. (7. demimcvm. 



C. japonica, Thunberg, tlie Kurnquat, with small globose fruit and lanceo- 

 late leaves, as well as the other Chinese and Japanese species and forms, cannot 

 be noticed here. 



To this genus belong the Citron, Lemon, the sweet and acid Lime, the sweet 

 and hitter Orange, the Bergamot, and the Shaddock, most of which are culti- 

 vated in India, and some of which are found wild in the forests of the outer 

 Himalayan valleys, in Sikkim, Kamaon, and Garhwal, in the Kasia hills, 

 the "Western Ghats, on the Pachmarhis in the Satpura range, and in Burma. 

 The great multitude of forms of this widely cultivated genus has probably arisen 

 from two or three distinct species, and the study of the wild forms of Oranges 

 and Limes in India may throw some light upon the origin and history of tke 

 cultivated kmds. At present it seems most convenient to class the wild and 

 cultivated forms under the three species defined above ; but further researches 



