52 



XVII. EUTACE^. [Citrus. 



usuaUy yellow when ripe, skin thick or thin, with or without a knob, 

 surface even or rough. 



Wild in Burma ; Ohittagong (Hooker), « Sitakund hill ; " Kasia (Hooker and 

 Thomson), « foot of hills, Scending to 4000 ft. ; " Sikkun (Hooker and Thom- 

 son), " hot vaUeys, ascending to 4000 ft., fruit Uke a lemon, but narrow-peaked, 

 2 lb weight " Common in the Doons between Sardah and Jumna ; Pachmarhi 

 hiUs, in deep ravines, and here and there on the Western Ghats. The specimens 

 of the wild Limes and Citrons in India which I have had an opportunity ot 

 examining, have oblong oblong-eUiptic or oblong-obovate leaves, 3-5 m. long, 

 edge crenate or blunt-serrate ; petioles short, thick, unwinged, or longer, and 

 narrow-winged; flowers in racemes of 5-20, often umsexual ; number of stamens 

 varying generally between 20 and 30, sometimes more than 30. Fruit often 

 knobbed. Eoyle, lU. 129, mentions two forms found by him, apparently wild, 

 in the Doons of the N.W. Himalaya : one called Bijouri, with the characteristics 

 of the Citron; the other called Behari-Nvmhu, or Pahari Kaguzi, with those of 

 the Lemon,— and which retain their difference under cultivation. Ma,dden also, 

 in his paper on the Terai and outer mountauis of Kamaon, mentions " two 

 species of Citrus, probably lAmonum and medica, Jamvr and Bijaura.''— 

 Joum. As. Soc. xvii., pt. i. 391. Certainly there are different forms among the 

 specimens collected by Royle, by Dr Stewart, myself, and others, in tbe N.-W. 

 Himalaya ; but they require further investigation on the spot : and for the pre- 

 sent it seems more convenient to unite them all under C. medica. 



Under this species may be classed the following cultivated kinds : — 



a. The Citron. C^dratier, French ; Gedro, Ital. ; Vijapura, Sans. ; Utrej, 

 otroj, Arab. ; Bejaura, Hind. ; Begpura, Beng. {Karanphal, Kamaon.) Leaves 

 oblong ; petiole short, naked or marginate ; fruit large, oblong or obovoid, 

 generally terminating in a blunt-pointed beak, or irregularly shaped ; surface 

 warty, rarely even; rind thick, very aromatic, tender; pulp scanty, subacid. 

 Cultivated in many parts of India — Assam, Calcutta, Chota Nagpore, North- West 

 India, Bombay ; also in Persia. The Chinese place the fragrant fruit on dishes 

 to perfume the air. Madeira and the south of Europe export candied Citron, 

 the thick fragrant rind preserved in sugar. Lowe (Flora of Madeira) retains 

 the Citron as a distinct species, characterised by oblong leaves, short unwinged 

 petioles, and numerous flowers in a cluster. Mr Lowe's classification is based 

 on long-continued study of the plants cultivated in Madeira, and it is not im- 

 possible that it may eventually be foimd to be correct in this respect. 



b. The Lemon. lAmonier, more generally Gitronnier, French ; Limone, 

 Ital. ; Citrone, German ; Bara mmbu, Hind. ; Korna Nebu, Beng. Leaves 

 ovate ; petioles marginate or winged ; fruit middle-sized, ovoid, yellow, knobbed ; 

 rind thin ; pulp abundant, very acid. Cultivated abundantly in the south of 

 Europe. Citric acid is made of it. In Madeira the Lemon grows into a tree 

 20-30 ft. high, and is in flower and fruit from Oct.-May. 



c. The Acid Lime of India. G. acida, Eoxb. 1. c. 390 ; Ic. Eoxb. in Herb. 

 Kew. JamMra, Sans. ; Limu, liTrumn, Arab. ; Lebu, nebu, limbu, nvmhu, Beng., 

 Hind. Leaves oval ; petioles winged, many times shorter than leaf ; wings lin- 

 ear or obovate. Flowers small, in short racemes ; petals generally 4. Roxburgh 

 describes seven varieties, of which the two small thin-skinned kinds, yellow 

 when ripe, with an abundance of pale, sharp acid juice, are the most generally 

 cultivated. {Pati Nebu, the small round Lime ; and Kaguji Nebu, Kaghzi 

 Nlmhu, the small long Lime.) A third kind, the large acid Lime, is grown in 

 Burma and in Bengal \Kamarali-Nebu). 



d. The Sweet Lime of India, Mitlia Nebu. {Amritphal, Kamaon.) Com- 

 monly cultivated in most parts of India and Burma. Fruit globose, smooth, 3-5 

 in. diam., thin-skinned, with an abundance of sweet, not aromatic, juice. Ripens 



