78 XXIV. CELASTElNEiE. [Euoni/mus. 



Closely allied to H. Hamiltonianus is E. europoeus, L., the Spindle-tree, a 

 common European skrub, also found in North Africa and West Siberia, with ^ 

 angled green twigs, greenish-white flowers, and 4-lobed crimson capsules. Wood 

 used for turning, and to make charcoal for the finer sorts of gunpowder. 



1. E. Hamiltonianus, Wall.— Tab. XVI — Wall, in Eoxb. Fl. Ind., 

 ed. Carey, ii. 403. — Syn. E. atropurpureus, Iloxh. Fl.Ind. i. 627. Vern. 

 Stngi, dJci, chual, watal, papar, nthu, ranai, hrahmani, banchor, harun, 

 sldoch, sidhera, Pb. ; Agniun, agnu, Kamaon. 



Branches and branchlets round, glabrous, green. Leaves 2-5 in. long, 

 glabrous, membranous, oblong-lanceolate, finely serrulate, acuminate, on 

 petioles about | or | in. long. Cymes regularly dichotomous, axillary 

 and intra-axUlary, opposite, occasionally clustered on undeveloped branch- 

 lets, with 15-30 greenish-white flowers ; bracts minute, deciduous. Petals 

 oblong, obtuse. Stamens shorter than, or as long as, petals. Capsule yel- 

 low, deeply 4-lobed, not winged ; seeds entirely enveloped by a scarlet 

 arillus. 



Common in the Outer Himalayan ranges from the Indus to Bhutan, between 

 3800 and 8500 ft. Kasia hills. Generally in mixed forests, where there is 

 some shade. PL from March - June ; the fruit ripens from Aug. onwards. 

 Hardy in England. A large shrub, under favourable circumstances a moderate- 

 sized tree, 30-35 ft. high, with a short straight trunk, 4-5 ft. girth ; bark of stem 

 smooth, yellowish cinereous, or reddish brown. Wood beautifully white, com- 

 pact and close, not very hard, used for making spoons. Young shoots and 

 leaves lopped for fodder. 



2. E. lacerus, Ham. — Syn. E. fimbriatus, WaU. in Eoxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 

 Carey, ii. 408. Vern. Slid, hattali, pattali, hancliir, dudhapdr, pdpar, 

 liuncliu, posh, mora, cinhan, rang chul, kioch, Pb. 



_ Young shoots of the current year compressed alternately in either direc- 

 tion ; branches round, glabrous, grey or reddish-brown. Leaves 2-4 in. 

 long, glabrous, membranous, elliptic or broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, 

 serrate, serratures frequently serrulate, decurrent into petioles about ^ in. 

 long ; stipules minute, linear, deciduous. Cymes umbeUiform, pn long 

 slender peduncles ; main branches 3-7, slender, each bearing a simple or - 

 compound umbellate fascicle of small flowers. Bracts linear, deciduous. 

 Cymes inserted^ near the base of this year's branchlets, most below the 

 first leaf, a few in the axils of the lower leaves. Flowers small, tetramer- 

 ous. Petals white. Anthers on short filaments. Capsule with 2-5; gene- 

 rally 4, vertical, long tapering wings, the valves when ripe spreading out 

 flat when opening. Seeds ovoid, enclosed in a bright red arillus. 



In many parts of the Himalaya, but not common. At higher elevations than 

 the preceding species, generally between 6000 and 11,000 ft. from near the Indus 

 to bikkim. Open places in forests. Fl. from March-June ; fruit ripens from 

 July-Oct. A small, handsome tree, 25 ft. high, with a short straight trunk to 3 

 It. girth ; bark of stem grey, or brownish grey, smooth, and with sUcht longi- 

 tudinal wrinkles. Foliage dark green, red in autumn before falling. The wood 

 is white, close-gramed, and tough ; it is carved into spoons. Young shoots and 

 leaves are lopped to feed goats. In Bussahir the seeds with theiS bright red 

 anls are strung up and used as ornaments. 



