86 XXV. RHAMNE^. [Zizi/phus.. 



A small tree, glabrous, witli a few scattered hairs on young parts ; 2-year- 

 old branches purple, or covered -with a dull grey epidermis ; branches and 

 branchlets slightly flexuose, smooth, armed with pairs of slender purple 

 stipular spines, one shorter, straight or curved, the other straight to ^ in. 

 long. Leaves on petioles | in. long, ovate-lanceolate, base oblique, long- 

 acuminate, mucronate with a hard brown point, finely serrate, the serratures 

 mucronate with brown points, main basal nerves 3, the middle nerve with 

 2 or 4 prominent lateral nerves, joined by reticulate veins. Flowers 3-20, 

 on slender pedicels ^ in. long, fasciculate on short thick peduncles ; bracts 

 small, brown, subulate ; calyx-lobes oarinate to middle ; petals clawed, ex- 

 panding into a hood-shaped lamina ; disc thin, membranous, pentagonous ; 

 styles 2, united to near the apex. Drupe ovoid, ^ in. long, 2-celled,- 2- 

 seeded, pendulous, red or black when ripe, putamen flattened, shell thin 

 crustaceous, seeds with a brown shining testa. 



Found occasionally on the eastern flanks of the Suliman range trans-Indus, and 

 in the outer Himalaya as far as the Ganges, at elevations from 2000 to 6000 ft. 

 A small tree, 25-30 ft. high, and 5-6 ft. girth, resembhng £!. vulgaris in gene- 

 ral habit. Fruit eaten, but very acid. 



3. Z. (Enoplia, Mill; W. & A. Prodr. 163 ; probably Z. Napeca, Eoxb. 

 1. c. 613. — ^Vern. Sliya-kul, Beng; Toziben, Burm. ,. 



A straggling or climbing shrub ; branchlets strigose, ol' oftener covered 

 with dense ferruginous tomentum, slightljj, flexuose, armed with short, 

 straight or hooked and recurved stipular prickles, which are brown, 

 shining, tomentose at base, and generally solitary. Leaves distichous, on 

 short petioles, strigose or rusty tomentose beneath, with long adpressed 

 simple hairs, ovate or rhomboid, base oblique, shortly acuminate, enti)'e 

 or minutely denticulate, generally with 4 main basal nerves, 2 in the larger, 

 and 1 in the smaller half of the leaf, all with numerous prominent parallel 

 lateral nerves. Cymes short, axillary, dichotomous, with 20-30 flowers ; 

 peduncles, pedicels, bracts, and calyx densely tomentose. Divisions of 

 calyx keeled to the middle ; petals generally shorter than calyx. Prupes 

 1-3 together, on slender pedicels, generally longer than peduncles, globose 

 or obovate, black, ^ in. long, 1- or 2-celled ; shell woody or osseous. 



Kamaon, Eohilkhand, Lower Bengal, Behar, Assam, Silhet, Chittagong, 

 Burma, the Peninsula, Java, Ceylon, and Mauritius. Abundant in the Baraich 

 forests of Oudh. Leaves renewed March, April. Fl. in the hot, ripens its 

 fruit in the rainy season and autumn. The fruit is eaten. A common hedge- 

 plant in South India. 



The two last species require further attention. There appear to be intermediate 

 forms, and there are forms of Jujuba, which, as far as herbarium specimens go, 

 only differ from CEnoplia by the size of the fruit. 



4. Z. Jujuba, Lam.— Tab. XVII.— "W. & A. Prodr. 162; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. 

 i. 608 ; Wight Ic. t. 99 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 149 ; Boiss. 1. c. 13.— Sans. 

 Badara, karkandhu, koli. Vern. Ber, her a, heri. (Ziben, Burm.) 



A moderate-sized tree, ends of branches decurved or drooping, in some 



