Ptstada.] XXIX. ANACAEDIACE^. 123 



rocky elopes. Cultivated in gardens of the Panjab plains. The dark-green 

 leaves fall in February, the young foliage appears about March, together with 

 the red flower-panicles, giving the tree a striking appearance for some time. At 

 4000-5000 ft. elevation the flowers open ia May, and the fruit ripens from June- 

 October. 



A shady tree, 40 ft. high or more ; trunk attaining a girth of 8-9, and at times 

 12-15 ft. Twigs ash-coloured or reddish brown, longitudinally rugose, with 

 white specks ; bark of trunk grey. The heartwood of mature trees is the best 

 and most handsome wood of the North-West Himalaya for carving, furniture, 

 and all lands of ornamental work. It is hard, close- and even-grained, brown, 

 beautifully mottled with yellow and dark veins, and takes a fine ' polish. The 

 sapwood is liable to be attacked by insects ; but the heartwood is durable, highly 

 prized, and consequently often cut recklessly. In Kangra, under native rule, it 

 was one of the Padshahi or Royal trees. 



The tree is lopped severely, the twigs and leaves being a favourite food of 

 buffaloes and camels. Gall-like excrescences, black, hard, rugose, hollow, ir- 

 regularly crooked, often 6-7 in. long, are formed in October on leaves and peti- 

 oles. They are sold under the name of Kakra-singi, and are used in native 

 medicine. The fruit of this tree is probably the Sumak of the Panjab bazaars, 

 used to strengthen digestion. 



Two other trees of the same genus grow in Beluchistan and Afghanistan, and 

 yield a resin similar to mastich, called in Sindh Sahti kUndru. They also yield 

 galls of various shape and colour. One of these, P. Khinjuk, J. E. Stocks ; 

 Boissier Fl. Orient, ii. 6, called Khinjak, Khanjak, Sharamna, Sheavma, gewaun, 

 in Afghanistan and Beluchistan, with unwinged petioles, is neaily allied to Pis- 

 tada Terebinthus, L., a shrub or small tree of South Europe and Western Asia, 

 -which yields the Chios or Cyprus turpentine. The other {Kasur), with winged 

 petioles, P. cabvlica, J. B. Stocks, Boissier 1. c, is allied to P. atlantica, 

 Desf., a large tree 60 ft. high, of North Africa, Mount Atlas, and the Canary 

 islands, which furnishes a resin similar to mastich. The true mastich of Chios, 

 which is used all over the Levant for fumigation, and which is chewed to whiten 

 the teeth, and to make the breath agreeable, is the product of P. Lentisais, 

 Linn., an evergreen shrub, with paripinnate leaves, of the Mediterranean region. 

 The pistachio-nuts, which are imported into India from Afghanistan, are pro- 

 duced by Pistacia vera, Linn., a small tree with 3-5 broad-ovate leaflets, of Syria, 

 Mesopotamia, Persia, which is cultivated in Sicily, and other parts of Soiithern 

 Europe. 



3. ODINA, Eoxb. 



Trees with deciduous, alternate, imparipinnate leaves ; leaflets opposite, 

 entire. Flowers small, unisexual, fasciculate, in racemose panicles. Calyx 

 4-5-eleft, persistent, lobes imbricate in bud. Petals as many as calyx- 

 lobes, imbricate in bud. Male flowers : an annular crenate disc, bearing 

 stamens double the number of petals, surrounding a 4-cleft rudiment of 

 ovary ; anthers versatile, attached above the base. Female flowers : 

 short sterile stamens on disc, surrounding the ovary. Ovary ovoid, 1- 

 celled, with 4 distinct, short thick styles, and a solitary pendulous ovule. 

 Fruit a drupe, with a hard kernel ; embryo with flat fleshy cotyledons. 



1. 0. Wodier, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 293; W. & A. Prodr. 171; Wight Ic. 

 t. 60 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 123. — Vern. Kiamil, kembal, kimlu, Jcamlai, 

 kodmla, batrln, dila, dhauntika, stddmba, pichka, lidhra, Pb. j Jhinghan, 

 jiban, sindan, kanni, karallu, N.W.P. ; Jhigna, Jhingan, Oudh; GanjaM, 



