-^"*"«-] XXXII. KOSACEiE. 197 



ceolate, long-acuminate, longer than the white petals. Fruit Llackish 

 purple. 



Common in many parts of the Himalaya from Hazara to Sikkim, between 

 3000 and 8000 ft. Kasia hUls. Fl. April- June. 



Nearly related to this species axe two other brambles with white flowers and 

 entire, lobed leaves, marked by pectinate stipules and bracts, deeply cleft, often 

 nearly to the base, into linear segments ; S. retieulatus, Wall., from the higher 

 ranges (7000 to 10,000 ft.) in Kamaon and Sikkim, grey tomentose, with 

 leaves reticulate beneath, generally broader than long, and compact cylindrical 

 panicles ; and B. rugosus, Sm. (E. Hamiltoniamis, Wall. PI. As. rar. t. 234), 

 from Nepal and the Eastern Himalaya, the mountains of Burma, Ceylon, and 

 South India (on the Ghats as far north as Mahableshwar), rusty tomentose, 

 with leaves rugose above, and finely reticulate beneath, ovate calyx-segments, 

 and red fruit. 



2. R. fruticosus, Linn. ; Hook. Stud. Fl. 109. Blackberry, Bramble. 

 — Vern. Ankri, alish, dlach, kandcM, chench, pakhdna. 



A large shrub, armed with few recurved compressed prickles. Branches 

 more or less angular. Branchlets, inflorescence, and underside of leaves 

 canescent, or clothed with short grey tomentum. Leaves trifoliolate on 

 flower-bearing, and often quinquefoliolate on leaf-bearing branches j 

 leaflets oval or obovate, irregularly serrate j petiole of terminal leaf less 

 than half the length of common petiole. Stipules linear. Flowers in 

 compact cylindrical panicles ; calyx reflexed. Fruit more or less hemi- 

 spherical, black when ripe. 



Afghanistan, Waziristan, Peshawar vaUey, and further south in the trans- 

 Indus territory. Salt range 1500-3000 ft. Common in Hazara, Eajaori, Kash- 

 mir, as far as the Eavi, generally between 2000 and 6000 ft. This is a tomen- 

 tose form of the common Blackberry, a widely-spread species in Europe, Siberia, 

 West Asia, and North Africa. Of the numerous European forms of the Black- 

 berry, E. discolor, Weihe et Nees, Deutsche Brombeer straucher, t. xx.; Engl. 

 Bot. t. 447 ; Boissier Fl. Orient, ii. 695, is probably most nearly aUied to the 

 Himalayan variety. Fl. April-June ; fruit ripens Sept.-Oct. 



3. R. flavus, Ham. — Syn. R. Govrreephul, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 517; W. 

 & A. Prodr. 298 ; Wight Ic. t. 231. R. ellipticus, Sm. {R. WallicJdanus, 

 W. & A. Prodr. 298, Wight Ic. t. 230 (= R. hirtus, Eoxb.), does not 

 seem to differ from this species). Vern. Akhi, dnkri, kundcM, gurdcha, 

 pukdna, Pb., Him. ; Usar, hishdlu, hisdlu, Garhwal, Kamaon. 



A laige shrub with long trailing branches, armed with copious long 

 reddish, bristles and sharp curved prickles. Branchlets, inflorescence, 

 petiolesj and underside of leaves clothed with soft grey or tawny tomentum. 

 Leaves trifoliolate, those at the base of branchlets often unifoliolate ; 

 leaflets elliptical or rotundate, sharp-serrate, often acuminate, the termind 

 largest ; midrib of terminal leaflet forming an angle with petiole. Petiole 

 of terminal leaflet often forming an angle with, and generally exceeding 

 half the length of common petiole. Flowers white, in axiUary fascicles 

 and in broad compact rounded terminal panicles ; pedicels short or long, 

 slender. Calyx-segments broadly ovate, striate. Petals cuneiform, obo- 

 vate, twice the length of calyx. Fruit yellow. 



