Cornus.] XLIII. COENACE^. 253 



2. 0. oblonga, Wall. ; Eoxk Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, i. 432.— Vern. Kas- 

 mol, ISr.W.P. ; Bahdr, han-hdMr, Pb. 



A middle-sized tree, with opposite, oblong, acuminate leaves, base 

 acute narrowed into petiole, glaucous beneath, 2-6 in. long, when young 

 with short adpressed hairs, lateral nerves arcuate, 3-5 on either side of 

 midrib, -petiole ^J-f in. long. Ample terminal compound cymes on short 

 peduncles. Flowers white or purplish white, odorous, fuU-sized buds less 

 than \ in. long, on short pedicels. Outside of petals glabrous ; calyx and 

 pedicels slightly strigose ; disc thick. Drupe ovoid, crowned with the 

 remains of calyx, somewhat more than \ in. long. 



Siwalik tract and outer Himalaya, from near the Indus to Bhutan, between 

 3000 and 6000 ft. Fl. Sept.-Oot. ; fr. Jan.-April. Attains 40 ft., and a girth 

 of 4-5 ft. _ Bark reddish brown, very rugose, especially longitudinally. Wood 

 white, shining, with numerous red and brown medullary rays, fine-grained and 

 hard. 



3. 0. sanguinea, Linn. ; Hook. Stud. Fl. 172. — Dogwood. 



A shrub or small tree, pubescent, with membranous, opposite, elliptic 

 or ovate-eUiptic leaves, acute or short-acuminate, main lateral nerves 4 pair, 

 arcuate, the lower 2 or 3 pair proceeding from the base or the lowest 

 third of midrib, all, or the upper 3 pair meeting at the apex of the leaf. 

 Leaves 1-3 in., petiole ^ in. long. Cymes terminal, dense-flowered, 2 in. 

 across, peduncle longer than cyme. Flowers cream-white, buds before 

 opening \ in. long. Berry subglobose, less than \ in. long, black when 

 ripe. 



Found by Dr Stewart, once only, in a close forest, with a northerly aspect, at 

 7000 ft., on the high mountain-range south of the Kashmir valley, a few smaU 

 trees in fruit, 18-20 ft. high, ramous from near the ground, with straight branches 

 into a lax roundish crown, and thin grey or brownish bark, covered with a 

 smooth, silvery pellicle, which peels off. A common shrub in Europe and 

 Siberia. I am doubtful whether Dr Stewart's specimen should be referred to 

 C. sanguinea or to G. australis, C. A. Meyer ; Boissier Fl. Orient, ii. 1092, of 

 Asia Minor, the Caucasus, and North Persia ; the difference between the two 

 species is very slight, the hairs on the under side of the leaves of C. sanguinea 

 ought to be simple, and somewhat curled, those of australis should be 2-armed 

 and stiff. C. sanguinea in Europe is a slow-growing shrub, spreading readily by 

 seeds and root-suckers, and standing a good deal of shade. The wood is hard 

 and close-grained. The pericarp of the fruit contains oU. The young shoots are 

 red in spring, the leaves turn red in autumn, hence the name. 



4. 0. capitata. Wall. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, i. 434 ; PI. As. rar. t. 214.— 

 Syn. Benthamia fragifera, Lindley ; Wight 111. t. 1 22. Vern. Bamora, 

 hamaur, N.W.P. ; Tharmal, tharhal, tharwar, thesi, Pb. 



A smaU tree, young branches and leaves scabrous with short stiff ad- 

 pressed hairs. Leaves coriaceous, pale below, opposite, generally approxi- 

 mate at ends of branchlets, 2-3 in. long, eUiptic-oblong, penniveined, with 

 4 pair of arcuate main lateral nerves ; petioles | in. long, with a broad, 

 almost sheathing base. Flowers closely packed, in globular terminal 

 heads with a conspicuous involucre of 4 yellow, petal-like bracts, 



