318 LIII. LOGANIACE^. [Strt/ehnos. 



tube cylindric, 4-6 times longer than calyx, throat glabrous. Style filiform, 

 stigma undivided. Berry as large as an orange, and of the same colour. 

 Seeds flat, grey, shining, circular or reniform. 



South. India, Burma, Bengal, Qorakhpur forests (D.B.), and probably also in 

 the Centr. Prov. Bark smooth, ash-colouied, young shoots shining, deep green. 

 Wood hard, durable, of a bitter taste. Structure similar to that of ii, potatorum, 

 but the whitish patches more in concentric lines. Weight 48.75 lb. (D.B. exp. 

 1864), 56 lb. (Skinner). Value of P. 623 (D.B.), 1120 (Sk.) The seeds contain 

 0.28-0.53% of Strychnia, an extremely bitter and most poisonous alkaloid, 

 mixed with Brucia, another alkaloid closely related to it. These substances 

 are also found in the bark of S- Nux-vomica, and in the baik and root of 

 several other species of the genus. They seem to constitute the poisonous prin- 

 ciple in the Upas Radja or Tieute, the arrow-poison of the Moluccas, prepared 

 from the root-bark of a climber (S. Tieute, Lesch. ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. u. 380). 

 Igasuric acid (similar to Malic acid) is associated with these alkaloids. The 

 orange-coloured pulp of the fruit is eaten by birds. 



2. BUDDLEIA, Linn. 



Shrubs, with a mealy or woolly tomentum, rarely glabrous. Flowers 

 tetramerous. Corolla-lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, anthers nearly 

 sessile. Capsule opening septicidaUy in 2 entire or bifid valves, leaving 

 the dissepiment free in the centre. Seeds small, numerous. 



Flowers in dense cylindrical leafless spikes j tomentum white or 



yellowish \. B. asiatica. 



Flowers in leafy panicles ; tomentum tawny or rust-coloured . % B. 



1. B. asiatica. Lour. — Syn. B. discolor, Eoth; "Wight Ic. t. 894. B. 

 Neemda, Eoxb. FL Ind. i. 396. Vern. Bhati, dhauld, sMuntra, Kamaon. 



A large shrub; branches, inflorescence and under side of leaves covered 

 with a white or yellowish soft tomentum either dense and thick, or more 

 or less mealy. Leaves lanceolate, 3-6 in. long, on a short petiole, entire 

 or serrulate, usually glabrous above. Flowers white, odorous, nearly ses- 

 sile, in dense cyliadrical bracteate erect spikes, often interrupted at the 

 base, either solitary and terminal, or several together at the ends of 

 branches. Corolla-tube pubescent outside, less than twice the length of 

 calyx, lobes rounded, obtuse. Valves of capsule bifid. 



A common shrub in South India, Burma, Bengal, Oudh, along banks of nal- 

 lahs and ravines. In the sub-Himalayan tract extends as far west as the Indus, 

 ascending to 4000 ft. China. Indian Archipelago. Fl. Feb.- April. In most 

 parts of Burma, this and Blumea are common shrubs on deserted hill-clearings 

 (Toungyas). 



2. B. paniculata, Wall. ; Eoxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, i. 412. — Syn. B. 

 crispa, Benth. ; DC. Prodr. x. 444. Vern. Spera wuna, Mg.; Dholtu, 

 Ohutiia, IS.'W. Him. Also known by the names of the preceding species. 



A shrub or small tree, with a gnarled and crooked stem; branches 

 woody, bark peeling off in long shreds ; branchlets, leaves, and inflor- 

 escence densely clothed with soft rust-colouied or tawny tomentum. 

 Leaves extremely variable, flrom lanceolate, entire, to ovate-triangular, 



