366 LX. VERBENACE^. [I^emna. 



form, stigma TdiM, sometimes nearly entire. Fruit a fleshy drupe with 

 a hard, rugose or tuberculate 2-4-celled kernel. Albumen none ; radicle 

 inferior. The leaves and twigs of most species have an unpleasant smell 

 when bruised. 



Trees or shrubs, pubescent or glabrate ; stigma bifid, corolla 

 4-lobed. 

 Flowers in tricbotomous corymbose panicles. 

 Leaves ovate or oboVate, acute or sbort-acuminate ; main 



lateral nerves 2-4 pair 1. P. integrifolia. 



Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, long-acuminate ; main lat- 

 eral nerves 4-6 pair 2. P. mucronata. 



Flowers in a terminal, cylindrical thyrsus . . . . 3. P. interrupta. ; 

 A tree, densely steUate-tomentose ; stigma indistinctly bifid, 

 corolla 5-lobed ; calyx in fruit cup-shaped enclosing the 



base of drupe 4. P. tomentosa. 



A climber ; leaves glabrous, shining . . . . . 5. P. scandeiis. 

 An herbaceous underslirub 6. P. herbacea. 



1. P. integrifolia, Linn. ; "Wight Ic. t. 1469. — Syn. P. serratifolia, 

 Linn. ; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 77 ; P. spinosa, Eoxb. ib. Vern. Bakarcha, 

 Garhwal; Oanniari, Oudh. 



A large shrub or middle-sized tree; stem and older branches often 

 armed with strong opposite spines, branchlets unarmed. Leaves pubes- 

 cent when young, ovate or obovate, entire or dentate, blade 2-3 iu., 

 petiole |- - 1 in. long ; main lateral nerves 2-4 pair. Flowers greenish 

 white, somewhat viscid, exhaling an unpleasant smeU, in terminal corym- 

 bose panicles. Calyx 2-lipped or irregularly 5-toothed. CoroUa twice 

 the length of calyx, the outer lobe much larger than the others. Drupe 

 black, globose, \ in. diam. 



South India, Ceylon, Bengal. (Oudh forests, Garhwal, R. Thompson and J. 

 L. Stewart. I have not seen specimens). Indian Archipelago, China, and 

 North Australia; The leaves are shed in Feb., and are renewed between Feb. 

 and April, earlier in moist places, later on poor dry ground. The flowers 

 appear soon after the leaves ; they resemble Elder flowers. Attains 30 ft. with 

 stiflf branches. Stem 5 ft. girth, with spines and excrescences. Often a shrub 

 only. Bark cinereous. Branchlets foetid when bruised. Wood white, moder- 

 ately close-grained, no heartwood. The fresh-felled wood frequently exudes a 

 green-coloured sap. 



Closely allied, and perhaps not specifically distinct, is P. latifolia, Eoxb. Fl. 

 Ind. iii. 76 ; Wight Ic. t. 869, from South India, said to have been foimd in 

 Kamaon. 



2. P. mucronata, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 80. — Vern. Bankhar, gmn, Pb. ; 

 Baltar, Idk&rcha, hasota {has, smell), dgniun (dg, fire), tumari, jhatela, 

 N.W.P. 



A small tree, extremities and under side of leaves pubescent or soft 

 tomentose. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, long-acuminate, base rounded 

 or cordate, entire or irregularly dentate ; main lateral nerves 4-6, on 

 either side of midrib; blade 3-6, petiole 1 in. long. Flowers in ter- 

 minal corymbose trichotomous panicles. Calyx with 4 or 5 rounded, 

 nearly equal teeth. Corolla-lobes equal or bilabiate, upper lip retuse or 



