Artocarpus.] LXVII. URTICACEiE. 427 



A large tree ; branchlets and under side of leaves with soft grey tomen- 

 tum. Leaves coriaceous, oval or ovate, obtuse or short-acuminate, entire, 

 blade 6-10 in., petiole ^-1 in. long, upper side glabrous, shining, under 

 side soft-tomentose, 10-14 pair of prominent main lateral nerves; stipules 

 lanceolate, with a narrow base, not sheathing, deciduous. Mower-heads 

 globose, axillary, the male subsessile, the female short-pedunculate. Fruit 

 acid, of an irregular roundish shape, 3-4 in. diam., velvety, yellow when 

 ripe. 



Outer Mils of Kamaon, ascending to 4000 ft. Sikkim, East Bengal, Burma. 

 Evergreen forests of the western Ghats, Ceylon. Occasionally planted in the 

 SiwaUk tract of the Panjab, rarely in the plains. Attains 50-60 ft., with a short 

 trunk of great girth. Bark -J in. thick, light- or dark-giey, rough, but without 

 cracks or furrows. Sapwood large, whitish, heartwood yellowish or dark red- 

 brown, structure similar to that of A. integrifolia. Weight 40 lb. per cub. ft., 

 D.B., Burma List, 1862. Used for furniture, in Burma canoes are made of it. 

 The male flower-heads are pickled, and the fruit is eaten. 



Antiaris innoxia, Blume — Syn. A. saccidora, Dalz. & Gibs. ; Bomb. Fl. 244 ; 

 Wight Ic. t. 1958 ; Bedd. M. Sylv. t. 307, — is one of the largest, Beddome says 

 the largest tree of the evergreen forests of the western Ghats, and the hiUs 

 between them and the coast. Found as far north as Kandala, also in Ceylon. 

 Leaves elliptic-oblong, rough, short-petiolate ; female flowers solitary, enclosed in 

 an involucre of connate imbricate bracts, sessile, with 2 styles ; male fl. crowded 

 on a thick flat receptacle ; fruit fleshy, purple, 1 -seeded. Sacks are made of the 

 thick wooUy fibrous inner bark, described as follows in Graham's Catalogue, 

 193 : " A branch is cut corresponding to the length and diameter of the sack 

 wanted, soaked a little, and then beaten with clubs untd the liber separates from 

 the wood. This done, the sack formed of the bark is turned inside out, and 

 pulled down, until the wood is sawed off, with the exception, of a small piece 

 left' to form the bottom of the sack, and which is carefully left untouched." In 

 Ceylon rope is also made of the bark. 



Another sp. of the same genus is found in the dense evergreen forests of the 

 Thoungyeen valley in Tenasserim {Myah sdk, Burm.), the juice is used by the 

 Karens to poison arrows, but the poison does not seem equal in its effects to 

 that of the famous Upas tree of the Indian Archipelago {Antiaris toxicaria, 

 Lesch. ; Blume Eumphia, i. t. 23). The largest tree which I ever measured in 

 Burma belonged to this species ; it grew in the evergreen forest of the Thoungyeen, 

 was 250 ft. high, and had a girth of 38 ft., the trees of the surrounding evergreen 

 forest having an average height of 200 ft. (Attaran Forest Eeport, 1860, p. 55). 

 Beddome states that A. innoxia attains a similar size on the western Ghats. 



' The Caoutchouc exported from Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and 

 Ecuador is the produce of the Ule tree, Gastilloa elastica, Cervantes, and per- 

 haps a second species of the same genus. It is a superior article, and the intro- 

 duction of the tree into India seems desirable. G. elastica is a large tree, 

 branchlets and under side of leaves with long soft rust-coloured tomentum ; 

 leaves short-petiolate, oblong. Flowers monoicous, female flowers numerous, 

 on plane circular lateral receptacles (Collins' Eeport on Caoutchouc, 1872, 11). 



The Falo de Vaea or Cow tree of Caracas {Galactodendron utile, Kunth ; 

 Bot. Mag. t. 3723-24), a gigantic tree with coriaceous shining leaves, has been 

 referred to the genus Brosimum. From incisions made in the trunk it yields 

 large quantities of thick gluey milk without any acridity, drunk extensively, 

 and very wholesome and nourishing. BrosiAwwiih has one female flower inside 



