Quercus.] LXXII. CUPULIFEK^. 485 



^. Q.^ infectoria, Olivier, the Gall or Byeri Oak. A shrub or middle-sized 

 tree in Greece, Bosnia, Asia Minor, and Syria, extending east to the confines 

 of Persia, with cylindrical acorns, the leaves grey underneath, yielding the 

 Galls used in medicine and dyeing, which are imported into Europe from the 

 Levant. 



10. Q. Cerris, Linn. ; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 650.— Syn. Q. austriaca, 

 Willd. ; KotschyEichen, t20. Turkey ot Mossy-cupped Oak. CMne chevelu, 

 Fr. ; Zerreiche, Germ. A large tree. Leaves petiolate, elliptic or oblong, vari- 

 ously lobed, often pinnatifid, pubescent and pale beneath, glabrous above, main 

 lateral nerves. 6-10 pair ; stipules and outer bud-scales long, setaceous. Perianth- 

 segments of male 11. 4-6, oblong or ovate ; stamens 4-6, anthers hairy ; styles 

 linear, recurved. Fruit on the previous year's wood, solitary, or in clusters 

 of 2-4, sessile or on short thick peduncles ; cup large, scales free, subulate, 

 spreading or recurved. Asia Minor, North Syria, South Europe, extending 

 north to Hungary and Lower Austria, and in France to the Doubs and Loire. 

 Often associated with the common Oak. Fl. May ; the fruit ripens in Sept. 

 of the second year ; the leaves faU in Oct. or Nov. The Lucombe and Fvlham 

 Oaks, believed to be hybrids between Cerris and Suber, are evergreen, or nearly 

 so. Structure of the wood similar to that of the common Oak ; the sapwood 

 is larger, the heartwood of a deeper brovm, and the large rays more numerous, 

 giving it a most varied and beautiful wainscot grain. Weight, 53-58 lb. It grows 

 more rapidly than the common Oak, with a straight powerful terminal shoot ; 

 in England it was introduced in 1735, and trees 10-12 ft. girth are not rare. 



Q. pseudosuber, Santi ; Kotschy 1. c. t. xxxv., differs from Q. Cerris by per- 

 sistent, coriaceous, less deeply lobed leaves which are grey-tomentose beneath. 

 In a few localities of Provence, in Algeria, Sicily, Italy, and Istria. Yields 

 cork of an inferior description. ' 



11. Q. JEgilops, Linn, ; Hook. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 384, t. 38. — Syn. 

 Q. Vallonea, Kotschy 1. c. t. 7. Vallonea Oak. A moderate-sized tree, leaf- 

 buds obtuse, hoary, branchlets of the current and previous year grey-tomentose. 

 Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, grey-tomentose beneath, and often on the upper 

 side also, dentate with large triangular cuspidate teeth or deeply lobed and often 

 pinnatifid, main lateral nerves 6-10 pair, midrib flexuose in the upper part of 

 leaf. Male fl. mostly hexandrous, bracteoles lanceolate, caducous, generally 

 longer than perianth, anthers hairy, not apiculate. Styles subulate, recurved. 

 Fruit sessile, solitary, cup large, 1-14 in. diam., at first enclosing the acorn, 

 afterwards hemispherical, scales free, thick, linear, often angular, hoary, erect or 

 more generally reflexed, acorn ovoid, more commonly cylindrical, 1-2 in. long, 

 green when ripe. Eastern Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Syria. In Syria the tree 

 grows gregariously, never as a bush, but rising on a stout gnarled trunk 3-7 ft. in 

 girth, to the height of 20-30 ft, Hook. 1. o. 385. The acorns are eaten raw and 

 boiled, the cupifle is used for tanning and dyeing, and is exported in large 

 quantities from Asia Minor under the name of Vellani, Vallonea. The leaves 

 fall in winter or early spring, a little before or after the young leaves come out. 



Q. persica, Jaub. et Spach ; DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 47, of Persia and Kurdistan, 

 differs by oblong or ovate-lanceolate leaves, with 10-16. pairs of main lateral 

 nerves. 



12. Q. Suber, Linn. — Cork Oak. CMne likfe,¥T. Sovero, sitglvero, It. A 

 middle-sized, long-lived tree, with thick corky bark, and scanty loUage, other- 

 wise resembling Q. Ilex. Leaves evergreen, remaining two years on the 

 branches and sometimes longer, branchlets and under side of leaves with short 

 grey tomentum. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, crenate or dentate, the 

 teeth sometimes long-cuspidate j blade about 2, petiole J in. long. Male fl. in 

 fasciculate, somewhat compact, drooping catkins, perianth campanulate, 6-fid, 

 anthers generally hairy. Styles linear, reciuVed. Fruit solitary or in pairs, on 



