528 LXXVI. CONIFEK^. [Abies. 



beneath, and cylindric cones 3 iB. long, with lax rounded scales, much shorter 

 than the linear-oblong persistent bracts, which are deeply trifid at the apex, the 

 middle segment longest, J in. long, spinescent. Hardy, and of very rapid growth 

 in England and Scotland. Introduced 1827; at Dropmore there is a tree which, 

 at the age of 44 years, was 100 ft. high with 9 ft. 7 in. girth, at 3 ft. above the 

 ground. Many specimens in Perthshire raised from layers and cuttings since 

 1846, were in 1871 40-70 ft. high (Gardeners' Chronicle, 1870). 



3. A. Webbiana, Lindl. ; Pinetum Woburnense, t. 41 ; Link in Linniea, 

 XV. 532; Griff. Ic. PI. As. t. 371.— Syn. A. Pindrow, Eoyle lU. t. 86. 

 Picea Webbiana, Loudon ; Cleghorn, 1. c. t. 6. P. Pindrow, Loudon. 

 Pinus spectabilis, Lambert; Don Prodr. PI. Nep. 55. P. Webbiana, 

 Wall. ; DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 425. P. Pindrow, Eoyle; ib. 424. Himalayan 

 Silver Fir. Vern. Paludar, rewari, Jhelam ; Badar, hudar, tUng, Kash- 

 mir ; DhO/nu, rag, rail, pe, re, sails, sara, Chamba ; Tos, Kullu ; Spun, 

 pun, krok, kalrai, Kunawar ; Bharda, thanera, Shali ; Pindrau, pindrai, 

 Hattu ; Kudrom, Muttiana ; Burul, bv/rra, buldu, Baji ; Kalrai, satrai, 

 chur, Kotkai ; Bdho, row, ehilrow, Mlaunta, Cbiir ; Morwnda, morinda, 

 Taroche, Jaunsar, and Garhwal ; Chilrow, Kullu, Garhwal ; Bagha, rao 

 ragha, ransla, raisalla, Kamaon ; Wuman, Byans ; Gobria, (gobra), salla, 

 Sikkim ; Dun shing, Sikkim, Bbutan ; Partal, pdlt, Panjab plains at tim- 

 ber depots. 



A large tree with a dense cylindric crpwn of dark-green foliage. Leaves 

 single, spirally arranged all round the branchlets, but generally more or 

 less spreading in one plane so as to appear distichous, flat, narrow-linear, 

 1-3 in. long, 1 line broad, narrowed into a short terete petiole, apex emar- 

 ginate, or with 2 sharp teeth, under side with 2 whitish longitudinal fur- 

 rows on either side of the raised midrib, upper side dark green, shining. 

 Duration of leaves 8-10 years, catkins axillary, cylindric, obtuse, about 1 

 in. long. Cones erect, subsessile, cyHndric or ovoid, often clustered, obtuse, 

 4-6 in. long, 1^-3 in. diam., dark purple or brownish purple when ripe. 

 Scales closely imbricate, broadly cuneate or obovate, edge rounded, bracts 

 many times shorter than scales. Seeds oblong or obovoid,half the length 

 of the broad obovate truncate wing. Two varieties, considered as species 

 by Eoyle, Madden, and Parlatore : a. A. Webbiana, on exposed rocky 

 ridges at higher elevations, a smaller tree, with shorter, less bifarious leaves, 

 and usually thicker and shorter cones : ^. A. Pindrow, on better soil, in 

 sheltered places, a large tree, with longer leaves and generally cylindric 

 cones. The scales fall when the seed ripens, and leave the naked persis- 

 tent axis of the cone standing upright on the branches. 



North Afghanistan and Kafiristan, on the Safedkoh, between 8000 and 9000 

 ft. Himalaya, from the Indus to Bhutan, forming extensive forests, in the 

 North-West, pure or mixed with Acer and other leaf-bearing trees, at high ele- 

 vationa ■with. jBetida Bhojpattra ; often associated with Abies SniitMcma and 

 Pinus excelsa. In the Panjab it is usually found between 7000 and 11,500 ft., 

 but descends occasionally to 5500, and ascends to 12,500 ft., which is its upper 

 limit in Kunawar. Up Ihe Sutlej vaUey it extends to Lipi on the right, and 

 Dabling on the left side. On the Chur its lower limit is 10,000 ft. In Jaunsar, 

 Garhwal, and Kamaon its limits are 7500 and 1 3,000 ft., and here it is only 

 found in the middle ranges at a distance of 35-40 miles from the plains. In the 



