14 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull. 



which number was increased to 1743 in the edition of 1901. Mr. 

 Bishop deserves much credit for his efforts to increase the 

 knowledge of our flora, but his catalogue is rather a compilation 

 of all accessible reports than a critical treatment of the flora of 

 the state, and contains many records the validity of which cannot 

 now be ascertained. 



Of late years a large mass of data has been accumulated by 

 the various collectors whose names appear in this work. Some 

 of this has been published in Luman Andrews' " Flora of Meriden 

 Mountain," in Bissell & Andrews' " Flora of Southington," and 

 in Mrs. E. E. Rogers' " Flora of Norwich," as well as in scattered 

 notes and articles by various writers dealing with special localities 

 or species. The bulk of this later material, however, has found 

 its first publication in this present Catalogue. 



Part II. Geology and Physiography. * 

 The State of Connecticut, measuring roughly one hundred 

 miles from east to west and fifty miles from north to south, has an 

 area of 4990 square miles, of which 145 square miles are covered 

 by water. The three principal rivers, the Thames, the Connecti- 

 cut and the Housatonic, with their tributaries, drain the interior. 

 As in all glaciated countries, numerous ponds or lakes and swamps 

 are scattered over the surface, and constitute an important 

 feature both from an economic and an aesthetic point of view. 

 According to the Atlas of the U. S. Topographical Survey the 

 state contains 1026 lakes or ponds, and 420 swamps. 



With respect to elevation there are three well-marked 

 divisions running parallel with one another across the state from 

 north to south, namely an eastern and a western highland sepa- 

 rated by a central lowland area. From sea level the land 

 gradually rises toward the north and northwest. The eastern 

 highland reaches its greatest altitude of 1286 ft. at Bald Hill, in 

 Union, while Bear Mt., in Salisbury, with a height of 2355 ft. 

 marks the highest point of the western highland as well as of the 

 state. 



The central lowland is in general a plain, gently rising toward 

 the northern boundary of the state where it is from one to two 



* For a very full and admirable account with map, reference is made to Bulletins 

 No. 6 and No. 7 of this Survey. 



