36 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull. 



PICEA Link. Spruce. 



Picea canadensis (Mill.) BSP. 

 Picea alba Link. 

 Cat Spruce. Skunk Spruce. White Spruce. 



Rare. Waterford, a few trees in a pasture as an escaJDC 

 from cultivation (Graves). May. Native in northern New 

 England and farther north. 



A good tree for ornamental planting. 



Picea rubra (DuRoi) Dietr. (red). 

 Picea nigra Link, var. rubra Engelm. 

 Red Spruce. 



Rare. Cool woods and bogs: Litchfield (N. L. Britton), 

 Canaan (J. H. Putnam), Salisbury (Mrs. C. S. Phelps). 

 May. 



Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP. 

 Picea nigra Link. 

 Picea brevifolia Peck. 

 Black Spruce. Bog Spruce. 



Swamps and sphagnum bogs. Rare or local over most 

 of the state but absent near the coast. Usually a small stunted 

 tree 5 to 15 ft. high but growing much larger in the cool 

 swamps of Litchfield County. In open bogs the trees often 

 produce cones when not more than 5 ft. high, and the cones 

 persist on the tree for many years. May. 



Northward the lumber is much used in the manufacture 

 of wood pulp. It is the principal source of spruce' gum. 

 Medicinal. 



Picea Abies (L.) Karst. (like Abies, the Fir). 

 Picea excelsa Link. 

 Norway Spruce. 



Rare or local. Roadsides, fields and woods as an escape 

 from cultivation: Norwich (Mrs. E. E. Rogers), Southing- 

 ton (Andrews), Oxford (Harger), Bridgeport (Eames), 

 Norwalk and Wilton (Miss A. E. Carpenter). May. Native 

 of northern Europe. 



Extensively planted for ornament and also for wind- 

 breaks. 



