38 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. 



Rare. Canaan, on a limestone ridge and in a near-by 

 swamp (C. K. Averill), Salisbury, rocky hillside and at 

 another locality in a deep swamp (Mrs. C. S. Phelps) ; ap- 

 parently native at these three localities. Escaped from culti- 

 vation to fields and roadsides at Norwich (Mrs. E. E. Rogers), 

 East Hartford (A. W. Driggs), Killingly and Windsor (Bis- 

 sell). April — May. 



Often planted for hedges or as an ornamental tree. A 

 valuable timber tree in northern New England. Medicinal, 

 the fresh tops officinal. 



JUNIPERUS L. Juniper. 

 Juniperus communis L. (growing in colonies). 

 Common Juniper. 



Rare. Norwich, near Spaulding's Pond (Mrs. E. E. 

 Rogers). May. 

 Juniperus communis L., var. depressa Pursh (sunk down, as 



if flattened from above). 

 Juniperus nana of Britton's Manual in part. 

 Juniperus communis L., var. canadensis Loud. 

 Juniperus communis L., var. alpina Gray's Manual ed. 6 in 



part. 

 Common Juniper. 



Frequent. Dry rocky pastures and sterile hills. May. 



The fruit often does not ripen until the second summer. 

 The oil of juniper, distilled from the fruit, is officinal. This 

 is medicinal, as are the tops or young branches, and is also 

 an essential constituent of Holland gin. 



Juniperus virginiana L. 

 Red Cedar. Savin. 



Common. Dry or sterile soils. April — May. 



The wood is light, very durable in contact with the soil, 

 and much used for fencing. It is also used for boat building 

 and cabinet work. The so called " cedar-apples " found on 

 its branches are sometimes used medicinally, and are causa- 

 tive of rust on apple trees. 



