406 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU. 



Cirsiutn altissimum (L.) Spreng. (tallest). 

 Carduus altissimus L. 

 Cnicus altissimus Willd. 

 Tall Thistle. 



Rare. Introduced with garden seed about a yard, a few 

 plants only, Salisbury (Mrs. C. S. Phelps). Aug. — Sept. 

 Fugitive from the West. 



Cirsium muticum Michx. (pointless). 

 Carduus muticus Pers. 

 Cnicus muticus Pursh. 

 Swamp Thistle. 



Frequent. Swamps and moist thickets. Aug. — Sept. 



Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. (low). 

 Carduus odoratus Porter. 

 Cnicus pumilus Torr. 

 Pasture or Bull Thistle. 



Common. Fields and pastures. July — Sept. 



Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, (of cultivated ground). 

 Carduus arvensis Robson. 

 Cnicus arvensis Hofifm. 



Canada Thistle. 



Frequent. Fields, meadows, pastures and waste grovmd. 

 June — Aug. Naturalized from Europe. 



The var. vestitum Wimm. & Grab, (clothed) and the 

 var. INTEGRIFOLIUM Wimm. & Grab, (entire-leaved) occur 

 in grassland in Salisbury (Mrs. C. S. Phelps & Bissell) ; the 

 first named variety has also been found at Orange (Weath- 

 erby) . 



A pernicious weed extremely difficult to eradicate. The 

 root is medicinal. 



A statute of Connecticut enacted in 1881, provides that 

 " Every owner or possessor of lands shall cut down all wild 

 carrots and Canada thistles growing thereon, or in the high- 

 way adjoining, so often as to prevent them going to seed ; 

 and upon failure so to do, any person aggrieved, or any citizen 

 of the town wherein the lands are situated, may complain to 

 any grand juror of said town, who shall thereupon forthwith 

 notify such owner or possessor of such complaint. If said 



