MERGANSERS 189 
Ad. 9 and Im.—Top and back of head grayish brown washed with cinnamon- 
rufous; sides of head and throat cinnamon-rufous, paler on throat; rest of 
underparts white; pas and tail ashy gray; speculum white. L., 22°00; 
, 9°00; Tar., 1° 70;B . from N., 1°80. 
” Remarks. — Adults of this and the preceding species may always be dis- 
tinguished by the color of the breast; females and young, by the differently 
colored heads, while the position of the nostril is always diagnostic. 
Range. —N. part of N. Hemisphere. Breeds in N. Am., from Arctic 
coast of Alaska, n. Mackenzie, Cumberland Sound, and Greenland (lat..73°) 
s. tos. B. C., 8. Alberta, s. Minn., cen. Wisc., n. N. Y., s. Maine, and Sable 
Island; winters in s. Greenland, the Commander Islands, and from s. British 
Columbia, Utah, Colo., s. Wisc., s. Ont., and Maine, s. to s. L. Calif., La., 
and Fla.; casual ‘in Bermuda, Cuba, and Hawaii. 
Washington, uncommon W. V. L. L, abundant T. V., Mch. 25-May 2; 
Oct. 15-Dec. 25; occasional in summer (and in winter). Ossining, common 
T. V., Dec. —Apl. 80. Cambridge, uncommon T. V., in late fall. N. Ohio, 
tolerably common T. V., Mch. 10-May 10; Dec. 1-29. SE. Minn., T. v.. 
Apl. 1; casual W. R. 
Nest, of leaves, grasses, mosses, etc., lined with down, on the ground near 
water, among rocks or scrubby bushes. "Eggs, 6-12, creamy buff, 2°55 x 1°75. 
Date, Seal Is., Magdalen Islands, June 24. 
“These Mergansers are often observed to hunt in company, a large 
flock sometimes advancing with wide extended front, driving the fish 
before them and diving simultaneously, so that whichever way their 
prey may dart there is a serrated beak and capacious gullet ready to 
receive them’ (Eaton). 
1911. Townsrenp, C. W., Auk, XXVIII, 341-345 (courtship and 
migration). 
131. Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.). Hoopep Mrrcanser. Ad. 3 
—Front part of large circular crest black; remaining part white, bordered by 
black; rest of head, the neck and back black; breast and belly white; sides 
cinnamon-rufous, finely barred with black. "Ad. g.—Upper throat white; 
head, neck and upper breast grayish brown, more or less tinged with cinna~ 
mon, especially on the small crest; lower breast and belly white; sides 
grayish brown; back fuscous. Im. #.—Similar, but throat blackish. L., 
17°50; W., 7°50; Tar., 1°10; B., 1°45. 
Range. ’_N. Am.’ Breeds from ie British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, 
cen. Keewatin, cen. Ungava, and _N. F., s. to s. Ore., n. N. Mex., s. La., 
and cen. Fla.; "winters from s. B. C., ‘Utah, Colo., Nebr., Ills., Tha, Pa. 
and Mass. s. to L. Calif., Mex., the Gulf States, and Cuba; rare in ne. 
part of range; recorded from St. Michael, Alaska, and from Europe 
and Bermuda. 
Washington, uncommon W. V., Sept. 11—-Apl. 8. Long Island, common 
T. V. in fall, Nov. 5—Dec. 14; rare W. V. and in spring. Ossining, rare T. V., 
Mch. Cambridge, formerly common T. V., Nov. 10-30. N. One not com- 
mon T. V., Apl. 1-15; Nov. 1-30. Glen Ellyn, rare T. V., spring only, 
Apl. 8-June 5. SE. Minn., common T. V., uncommon §. R., Mch. 24—Oct. 26. 
Nest, of grasses, leaves, moss, etc., lined with down, in a hollow tree or 
emp ree water. Eggs, 8-10, buffy white, 2°10 x 1°75. Date, Saranac, 
Mic pl 
As Fmest Seton has pointed out, both the preceding species of 
Mergansers frequent chiefly ‘living’ or running water, while this bird 
prefers ‘dead’ waters, or quiet ponds and lakes. In Florida it lives in 
small ponds in the ‘hummocks,’ where one expects to find Wood Ducks, 
and feeds on roots, seeds, ete. It visits also the lakes frequented by 
