204 BAY AND SEA DUCKS 
breast, belly, exposed part of wing-coverts, speculum, and most of the scap- 
ulars white; rest of plumage black. Ad. ¢.—Head and throat cinnamon- 
brown, foreneck white; upper breast, back, and sides ashy gray bordered with 
grayish; Win cover ts ‘tipped with white; speculum, lower breast and belly 
white. L., 20°00; W., 9°00; B: from anterior margin of white patch to anterior 
margin of ‘nostril, 1:00; from anterior margin of nostril to tip, °75. 
Range.—N. A. Breeds from cen. Alaska, n. Mackenzie, cen. Keewatin, n. 
Ungava, and N. F., s. tos. B. C., s. Mont., n. N. D., n. Mich., n. N. Y., and 
n. New England; winters from the Aleutian Islands, Utah, Nebr., Minn., Lake 
Erie, Maine, and N. B. s. tos. Calif., cen. Mex., and Fla.; occurs in Bermuda. 
Washington, not rare, W. V., Oct. 8-Apl. 1. Long Island, common W. V., 
Dec. 5-Apl. Ossining, common T. V. and W. V., Nov.-May. Cambridge, 
rather common, T. V. and W. V., Nov. 15-Apl. 1. N. Ohio, not common 
T. V., Mch. 10-30; Oct. 5-Nov. 20. SE. Minn., uncommon T. V., Mch. 23. 
Ne est, ina stump or hollow tree. Eggs, 6-10, pale prenieh, 2:35 x 1°75. 
Date, Upton, Maine., May 10; Sweetwater Lake, N «, May 14. 
The rapidly moving wings of most Ducks make a whistling sound, 
but this species excels in wing music. As a diver it can also claim high 
rank. Brewster records a brood of young birds which, in response to 
the calls of their mother at' the base of the nest-tree, jumped from the 
nest-opening to the water twelve feet below. (See his important paper, 
Auk, XVII, 1900, pp. 207-216.) ‘The note of the male Whistler is a single 
peep, accompanied by a kicking up of the feet, while the head is thrown 
far back toward the tail. The duck, when startled or lost, calls out a 
sharp cur-r-rew.’”’ (Eaton.) 
1910. Towwnsenp, C. W., Auk, XXVII, 177-181 (courtship). 
152. Clangula islandica (Gmel.). Barrow’s GOLDEN-BYE. Ad. @.— 
Head and throat dark, glossy, purplish blue, an irregular, somewhat spread- 
wing-shaped white patch at the base of the bill measuring, along the bill, 
about one inch in height; neck all around, breast, belly, speculum, lesser 
wing-coverts, ends of greater ones, and the shaft part of the scapulars white; 
rest of plumage black. Ad. ¢.—Resembles the ¢ of the preceding species 
but has the bill shorter and more tapering, with more or less yellow instead 
of brown; brown of head and neck darker; ashy on chest broader and more 
pronounced; greater wing-coverts usually tipped with black. (W. Brewster, 
Auk, 1909, 158). W., 9°25; B., from anterior margin of white patch to ante- 
rior margin of nostril, ‘80; from anterior margin of nostril to tip, "66. 
Range.—N. N. Am. Breeds from s. cen. Alaska and nw. Mackenzie to 
s. Ore., and s. Colo., and from n. Ungava to cen. Quebec; winters from se. 
Alaska, cen. Mont., the Great Lakes, and Gulf of St. Lawrence s. to cen. 
Calif., s. Colo., Nebr., and New England; accidental in Europe; breeds 
commonly in Iceland and is a rare visitor to Greenland. 
Washington, A. V., one record. Long Island, one record. N. Ohio, 
casual T, V. SE. Minn., rare W. R. 
Nest, in a stump or "hollow tree. Eggs, 6-10, pale groculels, 2°40 x 1°70. 
Date, Iceland, May 30; Flathead Valley, Mont., May 14 
A more northern species than the preceding, which it doubtless 
resembles in habits. 
1538. Charitonetta albeola (Linn.). Burruengap. Ad. ¢.—A broad 
white band passes around back of head from eye to eye; rest of ead. upper 
neck, and throat beautifully glossed with purple, greenish and bluish; lower 
neck’ all around, breast, belly, wing-coverts, speculum and outer scapulars 
white; back black; upper tail-coverts and tail ashy grayish. Ad. ¢.—A 
white patch on either side of head, throat and entire upperparts fuscous- 
