KINGFISHERS 321 
there. There are only seven American species, all contained in the 
genus Ceryle, which has also five representatives in Africa and India. 
Our seven species are confined chiefly to the tropics, only one advanc- 
ing north of southern Texas. They are solitary birds of somewhat 
local habit. All the American species are fish-eaters and are rarely 
found far from the water. Some of the Old-World species, how- 
ever, are forest-inhabiting and feed on small insects, mollusks, etc. 
Kingfishers nest in holes, usually made by themselves in a bank, and 
lay white eggs. The young are hatched naked, and the juvenal plumage 
is the first to be acquired. 
390. Ceryle aleyon (Linn.). Be_tep KiInerisHEr. (Fig. 52.) Ad. 7.— 
Upperparts bluish gray; wings with small white spots, most of the feathers 
tipped with white, the inner webs of the primaries white at the base; tail- 
feathers with numerous spots and broken bands of white; a white spot 
before the eye; throat white, this color passing on to the sides of the neck 
and nearly meeting on the back of the neck; a band across the breast, and the 
sides bluish gray—in immature specimens ‘tinged with rufous—lower breast 
and belly white. Ad. 9.—Similar to the male, but ee sides and a band on 
the belly rufous. L., 13°02; W., 6°17; T., 3°60; B., 
Range.—N. A. and n. 8. A. Breeds from nw. fae nw. Mackenzie, 
cen. Keewatin, n. Que., and N. F., s. to the s. border of U. S8.; winters from 
B. C., Nebr., Ills., Ind., Ohio and Va. s. to the West Indies, Colombia, 
Guiana, and irregularly as far n. as Mass., N. H., and Ont. 
Washington, common P. R., except in midwinter. Ossining, common 
S. R., Apl. 1-Nov. 23; casual in winter. eR common 8. R., Apl. 
10-Nov. 1; rare W. Vv. N. Ohio, common 8S. R., Mch. 20-Nov. 1: rare 
W. V. Glen a pues pairs, Apl. 1-Nov. 19. SE. Minn., common 8. 
R., Mch. 21-Dee. 12. 
Nest, in a fete in a bank, about six feet from the entrance. Eggs, 5-8, 
white, 1°84 x 1°05. Date, Shelter Is., N. Y., May 4; Cambridge, May 15; 
se. Minn., May 9. 
The shores of wooded streams or ponds are the chosen haunts of 
the Kingfisher. Silently he perches on some limb overhanging the 
water, ever on the alert for food or foe. Paddle toward him as quietly 
as you please, just as you reach his danger line he drops from his perch 
and with loud, rattling call flies on ahead. This may be repeated several 
times, until finally the limits of his wanderings are reached, when he 
makes a wide detour and returns to the starting point. 
The Kingfisher hunts after the manner of the Fish Hawk. In passing 
over the water it needs only the glint of ashining fin or scale just beneath 
the surface to catch his watchful eye. On quickly moving wings he 
hovers over the place, waiting only a fair chance to plunge on the 
unsuspecting fish below. Emerging from the water with his prey in 
his bill, he shakes the spray from his plumage, and, with an exultant 
rattle, flies away to some favorite perch. 
1905. Herrick, F. H., Home-Life of Wild Birds, 135-145.—1907. Frv- 
Ley, W. L:, American Birds, 139-147. 
