WOODPECKERS 327 
in winter. Ossining, common T. V., Apl. 5-May 13; Sept. 18-Oct. 23; 
casual in winter. Cambridge, not uncommon T. V., Apl. and Sept. 15- 
Nov. 1; occasional W. V. N. Ohio, common T. V., Apl. 1-May 20; Sept. 
15-Oct. 20. Glen Ellyn, common T. V., Mch. 31-May 12; Sept. 14-Oct. 
13. SE. Minn., common 8. R., Mch. 25-Oct. 19. 
Nest, about 40 feet up. Eggs, 5-7, °87 x ‘67. Date, Trenton Falls, N. Y., 
May 26; Goodrich, Mich., May 20; se. Minn., May 13. 
As migrants, Sapsuckers are rather inconspicuous. They frequent 
living trees, where they are concealed by the foliage and their weak 
call-note is not likely to attract attention. 
On reaching their summer homes in the spring their character 
changes, and Merriam speaks of them as “noisy, rollicking fellows; 
they are always chasing one another among the trees, screaming mean- 
while at the tops of their voices’ (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, IV, 1879, p.2). 
Brewster describes the note of the adults at this season as ‘a clear, 
ringing cleur, repeated five or six times in succession;”’ while young and 
old utter “a low, snarling cry that bears no very distant resemblance to 
the mew of the Catbird” (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 1876, p. 69). 
The Sapsucker feeds largely on the juices of trees, which it obtains 
by perforating the bark. (Bolles, Auk, VIII, 1891, p. 256; IX, 1892, p. 110.) 
405. Phleotomus pileatus pileatus (Linn.). Piteatep -Woop- 
PECKER. Ad. #.—Upperparts blackish fuscous; whole top of the head scarlet, 
the feathers lengthened to form a crest; a narrow white stripe bordering 
this crest separates it from the fuscous ear-coverts; a stripe beginning at the 
nostril and passing down the sides of the neck to the shoulders is tinged with 
Fig. 93 Tip of tongue of Pileated Woodpecker, showing barbed, 
horny tip. (Much enlarged.) 
at 
yellow before the eye and is white back of the eye; it is separated from the 
white throat by a scarlet stripe at the base of the lower mandible; basal 
half of the wing-feathers white; underparts fuscous, the feathers sometimes 
lightly margined with white; bill horn-color. Ad. 9,—Similar, but without 
red on the forepart of the crown or at the base of the lower mandible. L., 
17:00; W., 8°90; T., 6°20; B., 1°85. 
kange.—Austroriparian forests from N. C., s. and w. to middle Tex., and 
w. Okla.; casual in the Bahamas. 
Nesting date, San Mateo, Fla., Apl. 14. 
This species is common only in the wilder parts of its range. In 
the hummocks and cypress swamps of Florida it occurs in numbers. 
There, contrary to the experience of Audubon, I found it by no means 
a wild bird. Indeed, Flickers were more difficult to approach. On 
the Suwanee River, in March, and in Maine, in June, I have called these 
birds to me by simply clapping my slightly closed palms, making a 
sound in imitation of their tapping on a resonant limb. 
The flight of this species is rather slow, but usually direct, not 
undulating, as in most Woodpeckers. When under way, the white 
