+ 
370 FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 
bl, Tips of mandibles aroseed. 
522. WuHITE-wINGED CrossBILL (¢ ad.). 
62. Bill stout; mandibles not crossed. 515, Pine Grosprak (¢ ad.). 
2. Wing-coverts not tipped with white. : 
a. Throat black or blackish; wings and tail red; body red or olive. 
93. CARDINAL. 
b. Throat and more or less of underparts red or greenish red. 
61. Plumage blood-red, brownish red, or epeeniel red; tips of the 
mandibles crossed 521. Am. CRossBILn @. 
62. Plumage dull reddish; “belly whitish; back indistinctly streaked, 
with bristly feathers over the nostrils. 
517. Purpuie Finca (¢ ad.). 
b3, Head blue; back green; rump red. 
601. Parntep Buntine (¢ ad.). 
II. Underparts with no red and without distinct streaks; throat or 
breast sometimes with a patch or spot. 
1. Tail with white spots, bars, or patches. 
A. Back plain, without streaks 
a. Throat and breast black, brown, or slate-color, sharply defined 
from the white belly. 
al, Breast black or brown; sides rufous . . . 587. TOWHEE. 
a?, Breast slate-color; sides the same, or brownish. 
567. Jonco. 567e. CaRoLina JUNCO, 
b. Throat and breast not black or brown. 
61, Throat and belly more or less yellow or ashy. 
b2, Wing over 4°00; bill stout, greenish yellow. 
514. Eventne GROSBEAK. 
63, Bill small and sharp; back brown; throat yellowish. 
529. GoLpFINcH (¢ and im.). 
64. Body bright yellow, cap black . 529. GouprincH (¢ ad.). 
cl, Underparts pure white, middle of back black. 
: 534. SNOWFLAKE. 
B. Back streaked with black, brown, or white. 
a. Bend of the wing yellow; tail under 2°20. 
546. GRASSHOPPER SPARROW. 
b. Breast black or blackish; lesser wing-coverts reddish brown. 
539. McCown’s Lonespur ¢. 
c. Breast buffy; belly whitish; outer tail-feathers white, next three 
or four more or less white with a black band at the end; seconda- 
ries not entirely white . . . 539. McCown’s! Lonesrur 9. 
d. Underparts entirely light brown or buffy, only two outer tail- 
feathers white; no yellow on the bend of the wing. 
537. Smira’s Lonesprur. 
e. Underparts pure white, with a blackish spot on the center of the 
breast, a black stripe on the sides of the throat; sides of the 
crown and ear-coverts chestnut . . 552. Lark SPARROW. 
f. Wing slightly over 4°00; underparts pure white or washed with 
rusty; head and rump white or rusty; most of secondaries white. 
534. SNOWFLAKE. 
2. Tail without large white spots or patches. 
Back plain, without distinct streaks. 
a. Back blue, bluish or brownish blue. 
@, Wing over 3°00; lesser wing-coverts chestnut or with broad 
chestnut tips . 597. BLUB GROSBEAK. 
a, Wing under 3°00; lesser’ wing-coverts blue or bluish, tipped 
with light brown’ . ¢ . 598. INDIGO BUNTING. 
b. Back not blue. 
bl. Back green or greenish, or rump yellow or greenish yellow. 
62, Mandibles not crossed. 
63, Back greenish . . . . . ~ 601. Paintep BUNTING 9. 
