SWALLOWS 419 
is reached about August 15, when they outnumber all other Swallows 
together by at least three to one. They return to their roosts in the 
reeds with great regularity every night, and early in the morning fly 
out over the country to feed. Their flight in the evening is compara- 
tively low, at an average height of thirty to forty feet. They sail about 
in circles more than other Swallows, and many pause to rest on tele- 
graph wires, where their pure white breasts easily distinguish them from 
the Swallows which may be associated with them. In the morning 
their flight is much higher and more direct. They migrate by day, 
leaving their roosting-ground in flocks, which sometimes contain myriads, 
and, after attaining a great height, pursue their journey to the south. 
When migrating along the coast they sometimes collect in large 
numbers in bayberry bushes (Myrica) and feed on their fruit. 
1900. Cuapman, F. M., Bird Studies with a Camera, 89-105 (roosting). 
The Banama Swatuow (616.1. Callichelidon cyaneoviridis) has been once 
recorded from the Dry Tortugas and Tarpon Springs, Florida, and may 
occur more or less regularly in the Keys off southeastern Florida (Scott, 
Auk, VII, 1890, 265). It is satiny white below, dull bottle-green above; 
wings and tail bluer, the outer tail-feathers an inch longer than the 
middle ones. 
The European Martin (615.2. Chelidonaria urbica) is of accidental 
occurrence in Greenland. 
616. Riparia riparia (Linn.). Bank Swatuow. (Fig. 110.) Ads.— 
Upperparts brownish gray; throat white; a brownish gray band on the 
breast; outer vane of first primary without recurved hooklets; a small tuft of 
feathers above the hind-toe. L., 5°20; W., 3°95; T., 2°00; B. from N., °18. 
Range.—N. Hemisphere. In N. A. breeds in Boreal, Transition, and 
Austral zones from near limit of trees in n. Alaska and n. Ungava s. to s. 
Calif., Ariz., Tex., La., and Va.; migrates through Mex. and Cen. Am. (cas- 
ually West Indies), and probably winters in 8. A. to Brazil and Peru. 
Washington, common §. R., more common T. V., Apl. 13-Sept. 19. 
Ossining, common §S. R., Apl. 18-Oct. 1. Cambridge, formerly common S. 
R., Apl. 28-Sept. 1; common T. V. N. Ohio, common 8S. R., Apl. 6—Sept. 20. 
Glen Ellyn, fairly common T. V.; a few S. R., Apl. 22-Sept. 8. SE. Minn., 
common §. R., Apl. 10-Sept. 25. 
Nest, of grasses and feathers, in a hole in a sand-bank, 2-3 feet from the 
entrance. Eggs, 4-6, white, ‘68 x ‘48. Date, Chester Co., Pa., May 10; 
Ossining, N. Y., May 20; Cambridge, May 28; se. Minn., June 1. 
This is a locally distributed species, breeding in colonies only where 
sand-banks offer it a favorable nesting-site. Probably for the reason 
that such banks are more frequently found bordering streams than 
inland, the birds are more numerous in the vicinity of water. 
Bank Swallows may be readily known from other Swallows, except- 
ing the Rough-winged, by their nesting habits, small size, and absence 
of metallic coloring. : 
From the Rough-wing they differ in having the underparts white, 
with a conspicuous band across the breast, and in their somewhat 
quicker movements. 
617. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Aud.). RouGcH-wiIncED SwaL- 
tow. Ads.—Upperparts brownish gray; throat and breast pale brownish 
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