420 WAXWINGS 
gray; belly white; outer web of first primary with a series of recurved hooklets 
(sometimes absent in 2); no tuft of feathers above the hind-toe. Im.—Simi- 
lar, but without recurved hooklets on the first primary; throat and breast 
more or less washed and wing-coverts edged with rufous. L., 5°75; W., 
4°35; T., 2°10; B. from N., °19. 
Range.—N. A. Breeds in Transition, Austral, and Tropical zones from 
s. B. C., Mont., N. D., Minn., s. Wisc., Ont., s. N. Y., cen. w. Mass., and 
Conn. s. to s. U. S. from s. Calif. to n. Fla., 
and to Vera Cruz and Jalisco; winters from 
cen. Mex. s. to Costa Rica; casual in Man. 
Washington, common 8. R., Apl. 2-Sept. 
‘ 3. a one Ete Bh ies oe 
Fia. 111. Secti f out i- N. io, common 8. R., Apl. 15-Sept. 20. 
iat of adult Roich-winged SE. Minn., common §. R., Apl. 14~Aug. 26. 
Swallow. (Enlarged.) Nest, of coarse grasses and feathers, under 
bridges, in stone walls, or in a hole in a bank. 
Eggs, 4-8, white, °72 x °51. Date, D. C., May 17; se. Minn., May 21 
Rough-winged Swallows resemble Bank Swallows both in habits 
and appearance. They do not, however, always nest in holes in banks, 
but are sometimes found nesting about bridges, railway trestles and 
their abutments. 
With the Bank Swallow this bird differs from our other Swallows 
in the absence of metallic colors, while from the Bank Swallow it is to 
be distinguished by its plain, pale brownish gray, uniformly colored 
throat and breast, and somewhat slower, less erratic flight. 
55. Famity Bompyrcitutipm. Waxwines. (Fig. 67.) 
Of the three known species of Waxwings, one (Bombycilla garrula) is 
common to the northern parts of both the Old and New Worlds; one 
(B. cedrorum) is found only in America, and one (B. japonica) is 
restricted to eastern Asia. Our Waxwings are notable for the irregu- 
larity of their migrations or wanderings, and B. cedrorum for the lateness 
of its nesting season. Their voice is doubtless the least developed in the 
group of so-called singing-birds, 
618. Bombycilla garrula (Zinn.). Bonrmtan Waxwine. Ads.— 
Forehead, chin, and line through the eye velvety black; a conspicuous crest; 
front of crown chestnut-rufous; upperparts rich grayish brown; upper tail- 
coverts, wings, and tail grayish; primary coverts and secondaries tipped with 
white, the latter, with small, red, seed-shaped sealing-wax-like tips; all but 
the outer primaries tipped with yellow or white on the outer web; end of tail 
with a yellow band; breast like the back, grayer on the belly; ‘under tail- 
coverts chestnut-rufous. L., 8°00; W., 4° 60; T., 2°60; B. from N., °29. 
Range.—Boreal zones of N. Hemisphere. In N. A. breeds from n. Alaska, 
n. Mackenzie, and cen. Keewatin s. to s. B. C. and s. Alberta; winters e. 
to N.S. and s. irregularly to e. Calif., Colo., Kans., s. Ills., Ind., Ohio, Pa., 
and Conn.; casual in 
Glen Ellyn, one record, Jan. 22, 1908. SE. Minn., irregular W. V., 
until Apl. 1 
Nest, of twigs, roots, moss, etc., in trees. Eggs, ee in color to those 
of B. cedrorum, ‘92 x °65. Date, Cariboo, B. C., June 1 
The distribution of this bird in the United aie is not unlike that 
of the Evening Grosbeak. It is exceedingly rare and irregular in the 
