452 WOOD WARBLERS 
olive-brown, chiefly in a wreath about the larger end, °66 x ‘48. Date, 
Branchport, N. Y., June 2; Lancaster, N. H., May 24. 
Adult Magnolia Warblers are so distinctly marked that ordinarily 
they may be identified at sight. Immature birds are less strikingly 
colored, but in any plumage the species may be known by having the 
white tail-spots nearer the middle than the ends of the feathers. Seen 
from below, the birds thus appear to have a white tail broadly banded 
with black. 
The Magnolia’s summer home is among the spruces and hemlocks. 
Its typical song, which is of somewhat the same character as that of the 
Yellow Warbler, is described by Thayer (in ‘(Warblers of North Amer- 
ica’’) as a “peculiar and easily remembered: weeto weeto weeeétee-eet,— 
or witchi, witchi, whichi tit,—the first four notes deliberate and even and 
comparatively low in tone, the last three hurried and higher pitched, 
with decided emphasis on the antepenult weet or witch.” 
1910. Sranwoon, C. J., Auk, XXVII, 384-389 (nesting). 
658. Dendroica cerulea (Wils.). CERULEAN WARBLER. Ad. 3.— 
Upperparts bright cerulean blue, the sides of head and back streaked with 
black; wings and'tail edged with blue; two white wing-bars; inner vanes 
of all but the central tail-feathers with white patches at their tips; under- 
parts white, a bluish black band across the breast; sides streaked with bluish 
black. Ad. ¢.—Upperparts bluish olive-green; wings and tail much as in 
the #; underparts white, generally more or less tinged with pale yellow. 
Im.—Similar to ad. ¢, but yellower. L., 4°50; W., 2°65; B. from N., °31. 
Range.—E. N. Am. Breeds mainly in Austral zones from se. Nebr., se. 
Minn., s. Mich., s. Ont., w. N. Y., w. Pa., and W. Va. s. to ne. Tex., La., 
and cen. Ala. and locally in w. N. C., w. Va., e. Md., and cen. Del.; winters 
from Panama to Peru; in migration straggles to N. Mex.; Colo., R. I., Conn., 
N. J., and e. Pa. 
Washington, several records in May, one in fall. N. Ohio, common 8. 
R., Apl. 29-Sept. 20. Glen Ellyn, not common, local 8. R., May 8—Aug. 19. 
SE. Minn., rare 8. R. 
Nest, of fine grasses bound with spiders’ silk, lined with strips of bark 
and fine grasses and with a few lichens attached to its outer surface, in a tree, 
25-50 feet from the ground. Eggs, 3-4, creamy white, thickly covered with 
rather heavy blotches of reddish brown, ‘60 x ‘47 (Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 
ag IV, 1879, 26). Date, Oberlin, Ohio, May 15; Ann Arbor, Mich., May 
In writing of this species as observed by him in Ritchie County, 
West Virginia, Mr. Brewster says: 
“Decidedly the most abundant of the genus here. The first speci- 
men taken May 5. They inhabit exclusively the tops of the highest 
forest trees, in this respect showing an affinity with D. blackburnie. 
In actions they most resemble D. pensylvanica, carrying the tail rather 
high and having the same ‘smart bantamlike appearance.’ Were it 
not for these prominent characteristics they would be very difficult 
to distinguish in the tree tops from Parula [= Compsothlypis] ameri- 
cana, the songs are so precisely alike. That of the latter bird has, how- 
ever, at least two regular variations: in one, beginning low down, he 
rolls his guttural little trill quickly and evenly up the scale, ending 
apparently only when he can get no higher; in the other the commence- 
