WOOD WARBLERS 469 
yellow; bill with bristles at its base. Ad. ¢.--Similar, but generally without 
the black cap. Im. ¢.—Similar, but without black cap. L., 5°00; W., 2°21; 
T., 2°03; B. from N., °25. 
Range.—E. N. Am. Breeds in Boreal zones from tree limit in nw. 
Mackenzie, and N.F., s. tos. Sask., n. Minn., cen. Ont., N. H., Maine, and 
N. S.; winters in e. Cen. Am.; migrates mainly along the Alleghanies; 
practically unknown in the Austroriparian fauna from Va. to La. 
Washington, rather common T. V., May 1-26; Aug. 27—Oct. 6. Ossining, 
tolerably common T. V., May 9-30; Aug. 10-Sept. 9. Cambridge, common 
T. V., May 12-25; uncommon, Sept. 5-20. N. Ohio, tolerably common T. 
V., May 5-June 2; Sept. 5-15. Glen Ellyn, not common T. V., May 7- 
gone a ; Aug. 16-Sept. 21. SE. Minn., common T. V., May 2— ; Aug. 23- 
ept. 27. 
_ Nest, on the ground, almost wholly of fine, dry grass, lined with a few 
hairs, deeply cupped and quite substantial for a Warbler. Eggs, 4, white, 
with or without light brown splashes and with a small wreath of dark specks 
at the larger end, ‘59 x ‘48. Date, Bangor, Maine, June 1. (See ‘‘Warblers 
of North America,’’ 277.) 
The Black-cap frequents the lower woodland or bushy growths. 
Like other members of this genus, it has decided talents as a fly-catcher 
and captures much of its prey on the wing, darting out into the air, but 
does not, like a true Flycatcher, return to the same perch. It is an alert 
little bird and its motions of wings, tail or crest suggest a certain pert- 
ness of manner. 
“The song has much of the ringing clarity of the Canada’s and 
Hooded’s songs. The commonest form of it, a rapid bubbling warble of 
two nearly equal parts, the second lower-toned and sometimes dimin- 
uendo, has always reminded me of a Northern Water-Thrush’s song”’ 
(Thayer in ‘Warblers of North America”’). 
686. Wilsonia canadensis (Linn.). CANADIAN WARBLER. (Fig. 130.) 
Ad. #.—Upperparts, wings, and tail gray; no wing-bars or tail-patches; 
crown spotted with black; line from the bill to the eye and underparts yellow; 
sides of the neck black; a necklace of black spots across the breast; under tail- 
coverts white; bill with evident bristle at its base. Ad. 9 and Im. 7.—Simi- 
lar, hut with no black on the head or sides of the throat; necklace indicated 
by dusky spots. Im. ¢.—Similar, but with breast spots fainter or wanting. 
L., 5°61; W., 2°53; T., 2°23; B. from N., °31. 
Range.—E. N. Am. Breeds in the Canadian zone and casually in the 
Trapsition from cen. Alberta, s. to N. F., s. to cen. Minn., cen. Mich., 
s. Ont., gen. N. Y., and Mass., and along the Alleghanies to N. C. and Tenn.; 
winters in Ecuador and Peru and casually in Guatemala. 
Washington, very common T. V., May 5-June 2; July 31—Sept. 25. 
Ossining, common T. V., May 6-June 2; Aug. 10-Oct. 11. Cambridge, 
common, May 12-30, rare, Sept. 1-15; rare S. R. N. Ohio, common T. V., 
Apl. 28-May 27; Sept. 1-18. Glen Ellyn, common T. V., May 5—June 6; 
Aug. 15-Sept. 22. SE. Minn., common T. V., May 8- ; Aug. 18-Sept. 5. 
Nest, of strips of bark, bits of dead wood, and moss wrapped in leaves, 
and lined with fine rootlets, in mossy banks or under roots. Eggs, 4-5, 
white, speckled and spotted, chiefly at the larger end, with rufous or rufous- 
brown, ‘66 x ‘51. Date, Lancaster, N. H., June 9; Bay City, Mich., June 2. 
Although when associated with other migrating Warblers this bird 
may be found in woodland of varied character, it prefers low, wet woods, 
in which, like Wilson’s Warbler, it frequents the lower growth, Like 
that bird also it is an expert fly-catcher. 
