TITMICE 485 
Range.—SE. U. 8. Breeds in Austroriparian fauna ren s. Mo., and 
a be s. to e. Tex. and s. Fla.; casual in s. Mich., Ohio, N. Y., and the 
ahamas. 
Nest, of feathers, grasses, etc., generally near the ground, in a hole in a 
tree or stump. Eggs, 5-6, white or creamy white, heavily spotted or Hlotched 
with cinnamon- or dlive-brown, 56 x 46. Date, § San Mateo, Fla., Mch. 4 
Charleston, 8. C., Mch. 12; Edgecombe Co., N. C., Mch. 28. 
This little Nuthatch, the Red-cockaded Wevsiscdien and Pine 
Warbler, are characteristic birds of the great pineries in our Southern 
States. Frequently they are found associated. The Woodpeckers 
generally keep to the tree tops, the Warblers live on or near the ground, 
while the Nuthatches scramble about from the base of the trunk to the 
terminal twigs, but feed chiefly among the smaller branches, actively 
and spirally, getting food which they take to the main trunk to wedge 
behind the large bark scales. They are talkative sprites, and, like a 
group of school children, each one chatters away without paying the 
slightest attention to what his companions are saying. When feeding 
they utter a liquid, conversational pit-pit, a note which is accelerated 
and emphasized as the birds take wing. At intervals, even when the 
individuals of a troop are quite widely separated, they all suddenly 
break out into a thin, metallic dee-dee-dee or tnee-tnee-tnee. 
64. Famity Paripzs, Titmice. (Fig. 740.) 
Like the Nuthatches, with which, after the nesting season, they are 
often associated, the Titmice are largely restricted to the more northern 
parts of the world. Of the two hundred and forty-one known species, 
fifteen are North American, where they range to the southern border 
of the Mexican tableland. They inhabit wooded countries, where their 
destructiveness to insects, their eggs and larve, is of incalculable value. 
Their nests vary widely in character. The true Titmice (Penthestes) 
excavate holes in dead trees; Aigithalus builds a felted, purse-shaped 
structure of plant-down with the entrance near the top; Auriparus 
a not dissimilar but more globular home which is covered with thorny 
twigs, and Psaltriparus a long, loosely-woven bag of plant-down, covered 
with lichens. They are migratory at the northern limit of their range 
and, except when nesting, are usually found in small troops. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES 
A. Crown brown; sides chestnut . . . 740a,. AcaDIAN CHICKADEE. 
B. Crown black; outer margin of greater wing-coverts, distinctly whitish; 
wing generally over 2°50 735, CHICKADEE. 
C. Crown black; greater wing-coverts without white margins; wing under 
2°50. woe ew ee he) he «6786, CAROLINA CHICKADEE, 
D, Crown gray, crested wo. we el ehh) 6081, TUrtep Trrmovuse. 
731. Bxolophus bicolor (Linn.). Turrep Trrmousr. Ads.—Head 
erested. Forehead black; rest of upperparts, wings, and tail gray; back in 
winter tinged with olive-brown; erdenparts whitish; sides washed with 
rufous. L., 6°00; W., 3°10; T., 2°70; B., 
