488 KINGLETS AND GNATCATCHERS 
7386b. P. c. impiger (Bangs). Fuorma CuickapEs.—Similar to P. 
c. carolinensis, but smaller (except bill) and darker above. 
Range. —Southern half of Florida. 
740. Penthestes hudsonicus hudsonicus (Forst.). Hupsonian 
CuickaDEE. Ads.—Crown dull, dark brownish gray; back brownish ashy; 
wings and tail poviel, throat black; ear-coverts, sides of the neck, breast, and 
belly white; sides rufous. 
Range. —N. N. Am. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian zones from 
Kowak Valley, Alaska, and tree limit in cen. Mackenzie and cen. 
Keewatin s. to 8. B. C., cen. Alberta (casually Mont.), n. Man., cen. Ont., 
and Ungava; s. in winter casually to n. Ils. 
740a. P. h. littoralis (Bryant). AcapiaN CHICKADEE.—Similar to 
P. h. hudsonicus, but smaller and browner. 
Range.—NE. N. Am. Breeds in Boreal zones from n, Que., and N. F., 
s. to the Adirondacks of N. Y. and mts. of n. Vt. and cen. N. H.; migrating 
casually to Mass., R. I., and Conn. 
Cambridge, rare, perhaps only casual, W. V., Nov. 1—Apl. 1. 
Nest, of moss pel felted fur, in holes in trees and stumps. Eggs, 6-7, 
not distinguishable from those of P. atricapillus, °61 x °50. Date, Stewiacke, 
N.S., May 25. 
The general habits of this northern Chickadee resemble those of - 
atricapillus, but its notes are recognizably different. Wright (Auk, 
1890, p. 407) speaks of its ‘sweet, warbling song,” and Clark (Journ. Me. 
Orn. Soc., 1906, p. 27) writes of “a sweet, little song of three or four notes,” 
but Brewster (“Birds of the Cambridge Region,” p. 379) says “besides 
low, chattering, conversational sounds—difficult of description but 
far from musical in character—which the birds occasionally make while 
feeding, I have heard them utter only a low chip much like that of the 
common Chickadee, but rather feebler, an abrupt, explosive ich-tchip, 
and a nasal drawling tchick, chee-day-day. In the call last mentioned the 
intervals between the doubled middle note and the single notes which 
precede and follow it are very pronounced, and the accented notes are 
very strongly emphasized—characteristics which serve at once to dis- 
tinguish these sounds from any that the Black-capped Chickadee ever 
produces.” 
1910, Auuen, F. H., The Auk, X XVII, 86 (song). 
65. Faminy Sytvip. Oxtp-Wortp Warsters, KIncLets, AND 
GwatcatcHers. (Fig. 75.) 
No generally accepted classification of the birds of this family has as 
yet been proposed, but for our present purposes they may be divided 
into three subfamilies: (1) The Sylviine, or Old-World Warblers, num- 
bering some five hundred species, confined exclusively to the Old-World, 
with the exception of one species found in Alaska; (2) the Reguline, 
or Kinglets, of which two of the seven known species are found in the 
New World; (3) the Polioptiline, or Gnatcatchers, an American group 
one about fifteen species, three of which are found in the United 
tates. 
