94 THE CHERRIES OF NEW YORK 



an inch long with black legs and antennae. Both the adult and the larvae 

 feed on the leaves and do much damage if abundant. Usually there are 

 two broods, the insect pupating in the ground. Fortunately the pest is 

 easily controlled with the arsenical sprays. 



The cherry scale (Aspidiotus forbesi Johnson) is commonly found on 

 this fruit and occasionally on others as well. To the unaided eye it is 

 very similar to the well-known San Jos6 scale, differing chiefly in being 

 lighter in color. The remedy is the same as for the San Jos6 scale, which 

 we next discuss. 



The dreaded San Jos6 scale ^ (Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) is 

 rather less harmftil to cherries than to other tree-fnaits and yet is some- 

 times a serious pest on Sweet Cherries. Sour Cherries are almost immiuie. 

 The insect is now so well known in all fruit-growing regions that it needs 

 no description. It is usually first recognized by its work, evidence of its 

 presence being dead or dying twigs — oftentimes the whole tree is mori- 

 bimd. Examination shows the twigs or trees to be covered with myriads 

 of minute scales, the size of a small pin-head, which give the infested bark 

 a scurfy, ashy look. If the bark be cut or scraped a reddish discoloration 

 is found. Leaves and fruit as well as bark are infested, the insidious pest, 

 however, usually first gaining a foothold on the tnuiks or a large branch. 

 Cherry-growers, in common with all fruit-growers, find the lime and sulphur 

 solution the most effective spray in combating this insect. 



Several other scale insects feed on the cherries and, now and then, 

 become pestiferous; among these the following may be named: The 

 Eviropean fruit lecanium^ (Lecanium corni Bouch6) occasionally does a 

 great deal of damage in New York and now and then destroys the whole 

 crop in an orchard. The winter treatment for San Jose scale is used to 

 control this pest, but usually such treatment is supplemented by a summer 

 spray about July first with such contact sprays as whale oil soap and 

 kerosene emulsion. The fruit ptilvinaria (Pulvinaria amygdali Cockerell), 

 the mealy bug (Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni), the scurfy scale 

 (Chionaspis furfura Fitch), the West Indian peach scale (Aulacaspis pen- 

 tagona Targioni), the Putnam scale {Aspidiotus ancylus Putnam), the 

 walnut scale (Aspidiotus juglans-regicB Comstock), Howard's scale (Aspid- 

 iotus howardii Cockerell), the European fruit scale (Aspidiotus ostrecEformis 

 Curtis), the red scale of California (Chrysomphalus aurantii Maskell), the 



1 Marlatt, C. L. The San Jos6 or Chinese Scale, U. S. D. A. Bur. Enl. Bui. 62:i-Sg. 1906. 

 ='Lowe, v. H. The New York Plum Lecanium, N. Y. Sta. Bui. 136:583. 1897. 



