THE CHERRIES OF NEW YORK 1 73 



grown as well as the esteem in which it has been held. There are several 

 accounts as to when the cherry was given the name Napoleon. Probably 

 the best authenticated is that in which it is held that Parmentier, a Belgian, 

 gave the cherry the name of the famous emperor in 1820. When 

 the variety was taken to England, where at that time Napoleon was 

 not in good repute, the name of his conqueror, Wellington, was sub- 

 stituted but seems to have been little used. As if not content with the 

 score or more of European names, cherry-growers in America have added 

 at least two more. In many parts of the country it is locally called the 

 Ox Heart. On the Pacific Coast it is grown and sold by nurserymen and 

 fruit-growers alike as Royal Ann, a name given it by its introducer, Seth 

 Lewelling, of Milwaukee, Oregon, who lost the label bearing the old name 

 in taking it across the Continent in early days and gave it a new name. 

 With incomprehensible persistency Western horticulturists maintain this 

 synonym to the confusion of horticultural nomenclatiore. The American 

 Pomological Society placed Napoleon on its fruit list in 1862, it having 

 been grown in America for at least 40 years before receiving this honor. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, open-topped, very productive; trunk thick, 

 shaggy; branches thick, roughened by the lenticels, dtdl brown overlaid with ash-gray, 

 with numerous large, raised lenticels; branchlets thick, long, light brown overspread 

 with gray, smooth, with a few inconspicuous, small lenticels. 



Leaves numerous, five and three-fourths inches long, two and one-half inches wide, 

 folded upward, elliptical to obovate; upper surface dark green, rugose; lower surface light 

 green, somewhat pubescent; apex acute, base variable in shape; margin doubly serrate, 

 with small, dark glands; petiole one and one-fourth inches long, thick, tinged with dull 

 red, hairy along the upper surface, with from one to three large, reniform, reddish-orange 

 glands, usually on the stalk. 



Buds variable in size, conical, free, arranged singly or in thin clusters from lateral 

 buds and from spurs; leaf -scars prominent; season of bloom intermediate; flowers white, 

 one and one-half inches across; borne in scattering clusters in ones or in twos; pedicels 

 variable in length, averaging one inch long, glabrous, greenish; calyx-tube green, cam- 

 panulate, glabrous; calyx-lobes tinged with red, long, rather narrow, actmiinate, serrate, 

 reflexed; petals oval, entire, dentate at the apex, with short, narrow claws; filaments one- 

 half inch long; pistil glabrous, shorter than the stamens, often defective. 



Fruit matures in mid-season; over one inch in diameter, conical to long-cordate, 

 compressed; cavity deep, wide, flaring; suture a distinct line; apex much pointed; color, 

 varying shades of bright red over a yellowish backgroimd, distinctly mottled; dots obscure; 

 stem slender, more than one inch long, adherent to the fruit; skin thin, rather adherent; 

 flesh whitish, with a faint yellow tinge, with colorless juice, tender, meaty, crisp, mild, 

 the flavor improving as the season advances, sweet; good to very good in quality; stone 

 semi-clinging, small, ovate, flattened, pointed, with smooth surfaces. 



