80 AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING 



ing varieties are especially subject to its ravages : Cataw- 

 ba, Delaware, Hartford, most of Rogers' Hybrids, lona, 

 Isabella, Creveling, Diana, Maxatawney, Cassady, Rebec- 

 ca, Croton. The following are not quite exempt, but are 

 so vigorous that they seem but little injured : Concord, 

 Martha, Gcethe, Wilder, Ives, Perkins, Telegraph, Mary 

 Ann. The whole CBstivalis an6 cordifolia group appear 

 to be free from its ravages. It is strange, however, that 

 the gall-producing type of the insect will prefer the leaves 

 of the Taylor and Clinton, while the type which works 

 at the root does not affect them. 



The other insect enemies, although very numerous, are 

 not so devastating as the Phylloxera. 



The common Gray Cut- worm will often eat the tender 

 shoots of the young plantations, and draw them into the 

 ground below. It can be readily detected, so soon as its 

 ravages are seen, by stirring the ground about the vine, 

 when it will be found under some of the loose clods, 

 and easily killed. 



The small worms, belonging to the leaf-folding class, 

 some of them white, some bluish-green, have already 

 been mentioned under "Summer-pruning." They 

 should be destroyed at that time ; closely watch them 

 when they make their webs among the young shoots, as 

 they will become very destructive if not checked in time. 



Another leaf -folder comes about mid-summer, making 

 its web on the leaf, drawing it together, and then devour- 

 ing its own house. It is a small, whitish-gray, active 

 worm, wJiich will drop to the ground as soon as disturbed. 

 I know of no other way but to catch and destroy it. 



Several beetles will feed on the young buds before they 

 expand, one about the size and color of a hemp seed ; an- 

 other is of a steel-blue color; both are very active. They 

 can be caught in early morning, when they are yet torpid, 

 by spreading a newspaper under the vine and shaking it, 

 wlen they will drop upon the paper. 



