AND WINB MAKING. 213 



CHAPTER XLI. 



CULTIVATION OF THE VINEYARD. 

 IMPLEMENTS. 



If the ground has been well prepared, it will need no 

 deep plowing the first summer after planting. Frequent 

 stirring of the surface with cultivator or horse hoe, with 

 an occasional loosening of the soil around the young 

 plants with the hoe, will be all that is required. The 

 first plowing the next spring is done with the two-horse 

 plow, beginning in the center of the row and throwing 

 the two middle furrows together. If the vines were 

 planted 6x10 feet, take the wider rows first, running 

 parallel with the hill, and plowing as many furrows with 

 the two-horse team as can be done without injuring the 

 vines ; then follow with a one-horse plow and take the 

 remaining furrows on each side. This will leave a very 

 narrow strip along the vines, which should be loosened 

 with hoe or spade. A harrow is then run over the 

 plowed land, followed with a sled, drag or crusher, so 

 that all the ground becomes well pulverized. For the 

 second, or cross plowing, the operation is reversed — the 

 single plow comes first, throwing a furrow to each 

 side of the row towards the vines, and the middle is fin- 

 ished out the same way with the two-horse plow. This 

 should leave the land in fine condition, so that no more 

 deep plowing will be needed through the summer. The 

 surface must be kept loose and clean by the cultivator, 

 and the hoe must be used to keep weeds from growing 

 about the young vines. The same method is followed 

 every year, except as the vines become larger we must 

 wait until after pruning is finished and the clippings are 

 removed. 



