36 ANTISEPTIC TREATMENT OF WOUNDS. 
(d) IODOL AND IODINE TRICHLORID. 
These two iodine preparations have been lately recom- 
mended in human surgery as a substitute for iodoform, as iodol 
is non-odorus and iodine trichlorid does not have such unpleas- 
ant odors as Iodoform. Besides, both are said to be non- 
poisonous. These two preparations are too costly for veter- 
inary purposes and are, therefore, not recommended, especially 
as the odor of iodoform is only objectionable in canine practice, 
The application of iodol is exactly the same as of the iodo- 
form, while the soluble iodine trichlorid is used as a 1 per cent. 
watery solution. 
(e) CARBOLIC ACID. 
Carbolic acid is a preparation which Lister, in 1864, intro- 
duced into the antiseptic treatment of wounds, and in which, 
until lately, too much confidence has been placed, inasmuch 
as we now have remedies which are more trustworthy and less 
dangerous. 
According to the investigations of KOCH, BUCHOLTZ, 
V. ESMARCH, EISENBURG and others, carbolic acid is a 
germicide. If, however, we take into consideration the con- 
centrations which said investigators state to be necessary to 
act antibacterially, we find carbolic acid to be an entirely un- 
reliable antiseptic for surgical purposes, because it takes at- 
least 3 per cent., occasionally even 5 per cent. watery solutions 
to assure effective action. LISTER himself knew this fault of 
carbolic acid, but he then did not possess a better remedy 
and therefore it has been the steady aim of all surgeons to 
discover better agents than carbolic acid. Notwithstanding 
this, carbolic acid has held its place, and will hold it, because 
it is indispensable for certain purposes. 
In addition to the mentioned unreliability of carbolic acid 
it has other properties which must be considered in its ap- 
plication, namely, its virulence in the required concentrations 
and the irritation caused by sucl: solutions on tle wound and 
its surroundings. In literature we often find reports of carbolic 
poisoning, so that it is not necessary for me to add any new 
