ToRTULACE^.J 225 [Tortula. 



or nearly plane, margin lightly recurved up to middle, very minutely 

 crenulate, with a broad yellowish border and no plaits ; upper cells 

 very obscure, verruculose, only half the size of those of T. nivalis, basal 

 rectangular, diaphanous ; nerve stronger, rufous, prolonged into a hair 

 less rough than that of T. ruralis. Caps, shorter on a shorter seta ; peris- 

 tome and its tube shorter, less distinctly tessellated, paler, with only a 

 single spiral. Male plant more slender, inner bracts roundish-ovate, 

 concave, nerve vanishing. 



Hab. — Sunny limestone rocks and walls ; not uncommon. Fr. 4 — 5. 



Near Conway, Aber and Malham (Wilson) ! ! Stenton rocks, Dunkeld (Dr. B. White 

 1865) ! Bridge of Lochay (Hunt i865) ! ! Thornton Gill, Ingleton and Bolton bridge 

 (Hunt 1867) ! ! Witney, Oxon (Boswell 1878) ! ! Levens and Syergh Fell (Barnes 

 1868) ! MiUersdale, Bakewell and Chapel-en-le.Frith (Holt 1882) ! ! Angmering 

 (Davies 1863) ! ! Dunsinko, Dublin (Orr 1857) ! ' Castle Taylor, Galway (Moore). 

 Port Greenock, I. of Man (Holt 1881) ! ! 



Readily distinguished from T. rumlis by the direction of the leaves and 

 smaller areolation, as well as by the short and dense tufts. 



20. TOETULA RUEALIS (L.) Ehrh. 



Dioicous ; tall, loosely matted. Leaves from an erect base, squar- 

 roso-recurved, carinate, oblong, obtuse, with a long spinulose arista. 

 Caps, cylindraceous, peristome very long, with a long tube. 

 (T. XXXIII, B.) 



Syn. — Muscus capillaris tectonim, densis cespitibus nascens, capitulis oblongis,foliis in pilum 

 longum desinentibus Ray Synops. st. br. 2 ed. 28 (i6g6), Hist. pi. iii, 34 (1704). 



Bryum erectis falcatis capitulis, trichodcs,foliis latiuscnlis extantibus, in pilum canescentem 

 desinentibus Dill. Cat. Giss. 224, t. a A — E (1719), in Ray Syn. 3 ed. 94 (1724). 



Bryum caule erecto,foliis rejiexis seta terminatis, capitulis falcatis L. Fl, lapp. 315 (1737). 



Bryum rurale unguiculatum hirsutum elatius et ramosius Dill. Hist. muse. 352, t. 45, 



f. 12 A— C (1741), et Herb. 

 Bryum rurale L. Sp. pi. 1116 (1753), Syst. nat. ii, 701. HuDS. Fl. angl. 405 (1762). 



Neck. Meth. muse. 225 (1771). With. Hot. arr. br. veg. ii, 672 (1776). Lightf. Fl. 



scot, ii, 720 (1777). Relh. Fl. cant. 403 (1785). Hoffm. Deutsch. fl. ii, 45 (1795). 



Abbot Fl. bedf. 790 (1798). Hull Br. fl. II, 265 (1799). 



Hypnum rurale Weiss Cr. goett. 210 (1770). Weber Fl. goett. 73 (1778). 

 Mnium rurale Swartz Meth. 27 (1781). 



Barbula ruralis Hedw. Fund. II, 92 (1782), Sp. muse. 121 (1801). Roth. Fl. germ, i, 461 



(1788). TiMM Fl. meg. u. 793 (1788). Brid. Muse. rec. II, P. I, 195 (1798), Sp. 



muse. I, 258 (1806). RoEHL. Moosg. deutsch. 410 {1800). P. Beauv. Prodr. 43 (1805). 



ScHULTZ Fl. Starg. 304 (1806). Wahlenb. Fl. lapp. 318 (1812). Br. Sch. Bry. eur. 



fasc. 13 — 15, p. 42, t. 27 (1842). Rabenh. Deutsch. kr. fl. ii, S. 3, 112 (1848). C. 



MuELL. Synops. i, 639 {1849). Schimp. Synops. 191 (i860), 2 ed. 229. Milde Bry. 



siles. 128 C1869). Husn. Mouss. nord-ouest 86 (1873). Lesq. James Mosses N. Amer. 



132 (1884)'. 

 Mollia ruralis Schrank Bayers, fl. ii, 456 (1789). Fl. Salisb. n. 831 (1792). 



Tortula ruralis Ehrh. Beitr. vii, 100 (1792). Swartz Muse. suec. 39 (1799). Smith Fl. 

 brit. 1254 (1804), Eng. Bot. t. 2070. Turn. Muse. hib. 50 (1804). Schwaeg. Suppl. 

 I, P. I, 137, t. 35 (1811). Roehl. Deutsch. fl. iii, 78 (1813). Wahlenb. Fl. carp. 338 

 (1S14). Fl. upsal. 375 (1820). Hook. Tayl. Musc.br. 31, t. 12 (1818). Gray Nat. arr. 

 br. pi. i, 723 (1821). Hook. Fl. scot. P. 2, 127 (1821), Br. fl. ii, 45 (1833). Mack. Fl. 



