CONSTRUCTION OF MAPS 



Remarks on Expi,oratory Surveys 



The maps of Franz Josef Archipelago are based on exploratory surveys made by the Ziegler 

 Polar Expedition and data obtained from the maps of Payer, I^eigh Smith, Jackson, Nansen, 

 Wellman, and the Duke of Abruzzi. 



The exploratory surveys extend to all the islands between the 50th and 60th meridians 

 and consist of a plane-table traverse, run in 1904 from Camp Abruzzi, through Kane I^odge 

 and Camp Ziegler, to Elm wood. Additional information was obtained from an earlier trip 

 made the same year to Kane lyodge and to Nansen's hut and further plane-table work in 

 1905 in the region north of Markham Sound. 



The longitude of the astronomic observatory at Camp Abruzzi was obtained by the methods 

 of moon-star culminations and star occultations. Twenty-two moon-culmination and three star- 

 occultation observations were made during the winter of 1903-4. The resulting value, s"" 51"" 

 52. "6 (57° 58' 09") east of Greenwich, is the one adopted in the map construction. Determina- 

 tions resting on the chronometer alone were not used on account of the large variations in rate, 

 supposed at the time to be due to jars caused by " bucking ice ". Twenty-six out of the fifty- 

 four stations occupied were strengthened by latitude, azimuth, and time observations made 

 with a Berger and Sons' especially constructed 4-inch theodolite or alt-azimuth (see Section E 

 for description). Two base lines were included, one at Camp Abruzzi, the other at Kane 

 J/odge, 



The longitudes of Camp Ziegler, Harmsworth House (Cape Tegetthoff ) , and Elmwood 

 (Cape Flora), as determined by this traverse and referred to Camp Abruzzi, are : 



o / 



Camp Ziegler (Alger Island) . . . 56 08 east of Greenwich. 

 Harmsworth House (Cape Tegetthoff) . 57 47 east of Greenwich. 



Elmwood (Cape Flora) . . . . 49 59 east of Greenwich. 



These values were adopted in the new map and required Jackson's work to be shifted 3.3 

 nautical miles to the east. Payer's 3.6 to the west, and Wellman's 0.5 to the west. 



Heights are given in feet. Except in one or two instances, the brows of the cliffs are the 

 points measured. With the exception of Stoliczka Island (by aneroid), all heights have been 

 found by triangulation. 



During the traverse of 1904 the party went into camp at Rubini Rock (Hooker Island) 

 for ten days during the last of June. The surrounding region seemed peculiarly well adapted 

 for offering a safe harbor to any ship intending to pass the winter in the Archipelago. As such 

 a harbor has never been found heretofore in Franz Josef Archipelago, where a ship can be sure 

 of getting out tbe next year, a detailed map was therefore made of an area some 3 miles 

 square (see figure i). 



627 



