STEMS. 



39 



(5) The flower-bud scar, a concave impression, to be found in the 

 angle produced by the forking of two twigs, which form, with the 

 branch from which they spring, a Y-shaped figure. 



(6) (On a branch larger than the twig handed round for individual 

 study) the mode of origin of the twigs from the branch ; — make a 

 separate sketch of this. 



The portion of stem wtuch originally bore any two pairs of leaves is 

 called a node, and the portions of stem between 

 nodes are called intemodes. ^ 



Describe brieflj' in writing alongside the 

 sketches any observed facts which the draw- 

 ings do not show. 



If your twig was a crooked, rough-barked, 

 and slow-growing one, exchange it for a smooth, 

 vigorous one and note the differences. Or if 

 you sketched a quickly grown shoot, exchange 

 for one of the other kind. 



Answer the following questions : 

 (a) How many inches did your twig grow 

 during the last summer ? 

 How many in the summer before ? 

 How do you know ? 

 How many years old is the whole twig 

 given you ? 

 (6) How were the leaves arranged on the 

 twig ? 

 How many leaves were there ? 

 Were they all of the same size ? 

 (c) Wliat has the mode of branching to do 

 with the arrangement of the buds ? with the 

 flower-bud scars ? 



(i) The dots on the leaf-scars mark the 

 position of the bundles of ducts and wood-cells 

 which run from the wood of the branch 

 through the leaf-stalk up into the leaf. 



59. Twig of Beech. — Sketch a vigorous young twig of beech in its 

 winter condition, noting particularly the respects in which it diflers 

 from the horse-chestnut. Describe in writing any facts not shown in the 

 sketch. Xotice that the buds are not opposite, nor is the next one above 



Fig. 23. — a Quickly grown 

 Twig of Cherry, with 

 Lateral and Terminal 

 Buds in Octoher. 



b sc. bud-Bcale scars. All 

 above these scars is the 

 groArth of the spring and 

 summer of the same year. 



