STRTJCTURB OF THE STEM. 



59 



The pith forms a large part of the biilk of very young 

 shoots, since it is a part of the fundamental tissue amid which 

 the fibro-vascular bundles arise. In mature stems it becomes 

 rather unimportant, though it often continues for a long time 

 to act as a storehouse of nourishment. 



The medullary rays, in the young shoot, serve as a channel 

 for the transference of water and plant-food in a liquid form 

 across the stem, and they often contain much stored nourishment. 



The vessels carry water and air through the stem. 



■piB, 49. _ Longitudinal Section of a Fibro-Vasoular Bundle of the Castor-Oil Plant. 



r, gs, bfP, various layers of the bark; c, cambium; t I, s, s', various Idnds of vessels; 

 h, It', h", h" , wood-cells ; m, pith. (Much magnified.) 



The wood-cells of the heartwood are useful only to give 

 stiffness to the stem. Those of the sapwood in addition 

 to this work have to carry most of the water from the 

 roots to the leaves and other distant portions of the plant. 



The cambium layer is the region in which the annual growth 

 of the tree takes place, § 84. 



The most important portion of the inner bark is that which 

 consists of sieve-tubes, for in these digested and elaborated 

 plant-food is carried from the leaves toward the roots. 



