78 ELEJIENTS OP BOTANY. 



Describe the texture, thickness, transparency, color, and so on, of 

 each pair of scales. 



Inside the innermost pair are found two forked woolly objects ; what 

 are these ? 



Compare with Tig. 75. 



Their shape could be more readily made out if the woolly coating were 

 removed. 



Try the effect of immersing the inner portion of the bud for a few 

 minutes in strong sulphuric acid to dissolve and remove the down, so as 

 to show the parts more plainly.^ 



Can you suggest a use for the woolly coating ? 



Examtue a terminal bud ia the 

 same way in which you have just 

 studied the lateral bud. 



Does it contain any parts not 

 found in the other ? 



What is the appearance of these 

 3 2 1 parts? 



„ ,„ . . ^ „ , „ , What do they represent ? 



Fig. 56. — Transition from Bud-Scales to j r 



Leaves in the Common Currant. ^^ t^^ere IS any doubt about 



their nature, study them further 

 on a horse-chestnut tree during and immediately after the process of 

 leafing out in the spring. 



For comparison study at least one of the following kinds of buds in 

 their winter or early spring condition : Hickory, butternut, beech, ash, 

 magnolia (or tulip tree), lilac, balm of Gilead, cultivated cherry. 2 



106. Nature of Bud-Scales. — The fact that the bud-scales 

 are in certain cases merely imperfectly developed leaves is 

 often clearly manifest from the series of steps connecting the 

 bud-scale on the one hand with the young leaf on the other, 

 which may be found in many opening buds, as illustrated by 

 Fig. 66. In other buds the scales are not - imperfect leaves, 

 but the little appendages {stipules, § 117) which occur at the 



1 The acid must not be allowed to get on the hands, the table, or the clothes, or it 

 will cause much trouble. Eemove it by rinsing in plenty of water. 



2 Consult the account of the mode of studying buds in Miss Newell's Outlines, 

 Part I. If some of the buds are studied at home, pupils will have a better chance to 

 examine at leisure the unfolding process. 



