KEY TO SOME FAMILIES OF PHANEROGAMS. 



GYMNOSPBRMS. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary. 



Trees or slirubs usually with needle-sliaped, or scale- like, evergreen leaves and 

 monoBcious or dioecious flowers in catkins, tlie pistillate ones usually ripening 

 into cones (ConifersB), Pine Pamily, 7. 



ANGIOSPERMS. Ovules in an ovary. 



MONOCOTYLEDONS. Flowers generally on plan of 3 (never of 5). 



Glumaceous division. Flowers rudimentary, enclosed in husk-like 

 bracts. 



Bracts for each flower 2 (Graminese), stems cylindrical or 



nearly so, Grass Family, 9. 

 Bract for each flower 1 (Cyperacese), stems triangular, 

 Sedge Family, 10. 

 Spadiceous division. Flowers clustered on a spadix (Araoese), Arum 



Family, 11. 

 Petaloideous division. Flowers having a true perianth ; not on a spadix. 

 Ovary free from perianth, stamens 6 (LiliaoeEe), Lily Family, 12. 

 Ovary adnate to perianth. 



Stamens 6 .... (Amaryllidacese), Amaryllis Family, 15. 



Stamens 3 (Iridacese), Iris Family, 15. 



Stamens 1 or (rarely) 2 . . (Orchidaoese), Orchis Family, 16. 

 DICOTYLEDONS. Flowers generally on plan of 5 or 4. 



Apetalous. Flowers without corolla (sometimes also calyx wanting). 

 Flowers in catkins. Dioecious trees or shrubs ; fruit, a pod (Salicacese) , 



"Willow Family, 17. 

 Flowers in catkins. Monoecious trees or shrubs ; fruit, a nut (Cupu- 



liferae). Oak Family, 18. 

 Flowers not in catkins. (Here occur a few apetalous genera of certain 

 polypetalous families.) 

 Stipules sheathing the stem at the nodes (Polygonacese) , Buck- 

 wheat Family, 19. 

 Stipules not sheathing the stem, or absent ; plants t^sually with a milky 

 acrid juice (Euphorbiacese), Spurge Family, 31. 



[Here come also Elms, some Maples, etc.] 



