180 



THE HOESE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 



than any other defect in conformation. To detect these variations 

 from the normal, the horse must be inspected in the standing posi- 

 tion from the front, behind, and the sides. The commonest defects 

 noticeable when the examiner is stationed either directly in front 

 or behind the horse are "base-narrow" and "base-wide" deviations. 

 The first gives too little support upon the ground, while the latter 

 tends to cause paddling and interfering. 





Fig. 51. — Pigeon-toe. 



Fig. 52. — Splay-foot. 



In the fore limb is seen the "pigeon-toed" position, where the 

 limbs are straight to the fetlocks, but the pasterns and feet turn 

 in (Fig. 51). When the toes point obliquely outward there is 

 formed that awkward defective conformation termed "splay-foot" 

 (Fig. 52) . Viewing the fore limbs in profile, we may find that the 

 legs from the knees downward are placed too far under the body, 

 and the knees are bent backward; this is termed "calf-knee" (Fig. 

 53). Backward deviation, where only the cannon bone is affected 



