14 CHINESE ECONOMIC TREES 



Pinus massoniana Lambert. 

 Chinese Red Pine. 



Tree 20 rarely 30 m. tall, with yellow-brown, slender, uninodal 

 branchlets. Leaves 2 in a bundle, rarely 3, 12-20 cm. long, very slender 

 and pliant, light grden; edges serrulate. .Staminate catkins often in 

 long, dense clusters. Cones 4-7 cm. long, symmetrical, oblong ovate, or 

 ovate conic, short pedunculate, dull brown, early deciduous; apophysis 

 flattened, slightly ridged, with a small flat umbo. Seeds winged; wing 

 articulate. 



The common pine in the warm temperate regions of China, from 

 Hongkong to Fukien and northward into W. Szechuan. Occasionally 

 planted as a source of fuel. The wood is variable in texture and 

 durability and only the timber from trees grown in favorable situations 

 is suitable for construction purposes. ' This pine is sometimes confused 

 with Pinus densiflora which Shaw does not credit as being indigenous to 

 China. Pinus densiflora has shorter leaves, pale yellow cones and conelets 

 with dorsal, free, sharp pointed umbo. From P. sinensis, it is distin- 

 guished by its long clustered inflorescence, leaves in 2's, not 3's, and by 

 the light brown deciduous cone. 



The bark of this tree is dark gray, fissured into large rectangular 

 blocks. The bark of the upper branches of the crown is reddish and flaky. 



Pinus sinensis Lambert- 

 Chinese Hard Pine. 



Tree to 25 m. tall. Bark on trunk dark gray and fissured, on 

 branches red and flaky. Branchlets pale orange-yellow or grayish yellow, 

 pruinose when young. Winter buds oblong, lustrous, brown, somewhat 

 resinous. Leaves usually in 2's, sometimes in 3's, or both, 10-15 cm. 

 long, stout and stiff, glaucescent, serrulate. Staminate flowers in short 

 clusters. Conelets mucronate. Cones short, 4-9 cm. long, ovate, pale 

 yellow-brown, symmetrical or oblique, persistent for several years, 

 deciduous at maturity; apophysis swollen, ridged, blunt or slightly 

 mucronate. Seeds brown and mottled and winged, 2 cm. long. 



A cold temperate species on the mountains of C. and W. China and 

 on lower levels in the Northern Provinces and in Korea. Fine specimens 

 of this pine are growing on the grounds of the Temple of Heaven in 

 Peking. This is a very variable species, exhibiting extreme differences 



