20 CHINESE ECONOMIC TREES 



2.5-5 cm. long, oblong cylindric or ovate oblong; scales leathery, striated, 

 light brown, cuneate, rounded above and denticulate. Seeds up to 1 cm. 

 long with an obliquely obcordate, membranous, pale brown wing. 

 Formosa, Sakhalin and Manchuria. 



The following species that have been proposed require additional 

 study: — 



Picea gemmata Rehder & Wilson. 



Picea wilsonii Masters. 



Picea meyeri Rehder & Wilson. 



Picea heterolepis Rehder & Wilson. 



Picea balfouriana Rehder & Wilson. 



Picea hirtella Rehder & Wilson, 



Picea ascendens Patschke. 



Picea complanata Masters. 



Picea sargentiana Rehder & Wilson. 



TSUGA 



Resinous, evergreen trees with reddish bark and slender often pen- 

 dulous branches. Leaves flat or angular, short, linear, set closely together, 

 in 2 ranks (except in 1 species) , stomatiferous on the under surface, 

 short petioled and falling off upon drying. Staminate flowers solitary, 

 axillary, globose, composed of numerous anthers with knob-like con- 

 nectives. Pistillate flowers terminal, ; erect, with circular scales each 

 bearing 2 ovules at the base; bract about as long as the scale. Fruit a 

 small cone, oblong-ovate, pendulous, nearly sessile, greenish or purplish, 

 turning brown at maturity, with persistent-flexible scales, longer than 

 the bracts. Seeds nearly surrounded by the obovate-oblong wing. 



Nine to ten specks in Asia, N. America and the Himalayas. Tsuga 

 is the Japanese name of the tree. The hemlocks are graceful, ornamental 

 trees with the bark very rich in tannin, extensively employed in the 

 United States of America for the curing of hides. The wood is coarse 

 and brittle, of generally poor quality, but manufactured into coarse 

 lumber, the best and most valuable being the W. American species, 

 Tsuga heterophylla. The Japanese species, T. sieboldii, is said to be durable 

 and is manufactured into lumber for the construction of houses. The 

 hemlocks are slow growing trees, thriving best on well drained soil in 

 regions of abundant rainfall. 



