2 
10 RESOURCES OF CALIFORNIA. 
opens into the southern part of Bodega Bay, and is only five 
miles distant from the Bodega anchorage; and, as one is secure 
against northern and the other against southern winds, vessels 
are safe in all weathers, because they can easily run across to 
whichever may prove the sheltered side. 
The bay of Sir Francis Drake, in latitude 38°, is small, open 
to the south, and of no value to commerce. 
Half-Moon Bay is a small roadstead, eighteen miles south of 
the Golden Gate. 
Santa Cruz Harbor, on the northern side of Monterey Bay, 
in 36° 57’, is small, has four fathoms of water, a sandy bottom, 
and is open to the south. 
Twelve miles farther south is the mouth of the Salinas River, 
which is about two hundred yards wide, and has seven feet of 
water. It is entered by small schooners, with the help of a 
steam-tug. 
Eight miles farther to the southward is the harbor of Mon- 
terey, which is large and deep, and has good holding-ground, 
It is open to the north. 
San Simeon Harbor, in 35° 38’, has a good anchorage, and 
4s safe while the wind blows from the north, but it offers no 
protection against storms from the southward. The bottom 
is sandy. 
San Luis Obispo Harbor, in 35° 10’, has a good anchorage, 
safe at all times, except during storms from the southward. 
Santa Barbara, in 34° 24’, has an open harbor, exposed to 
the south winds. ‘The water is deep, and the bottom hard. 
San Pedro, in 38° 43’, is open to the south, but probably 
might be made secure by a breakwater, to cost one million of 
dollars. The bottom is hard. 
The difference between extreme high tide and extreme low 
tide is about nine feet at Crescent City, and seven feet at San’ 
Diego. At San Francisco, the establishment of the port is 
ten hours. 
§ 9. Sacramento Basin.—The low land of the Sacramento 
‘asin, bounded on. the west by the Coast Mountains and on 
